A Study on the Characteristics of Chinese Internet Buzzwords from the Perspective of Eco-linguistics——Taking China Daily as an Example 从生态语言学视角探究汉语网络热词的特点－以《中国日报》为例开题报告

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

1.introduction1.1research backgroundwith the development of the information age, internet buzzwords are quickly accepted and have been used everywhere in our life. internet buzzwords reflect vividly a national, regional common concern of hot issues of a period, which makes a great difference in our daily life. with the popularity of internet buzzwords, many mainstream media like peoples daily, china daily, even overseas media like bbc gradually accept the buzzwords and employ them in the report. for instance, 世界那么大，我想去看看appears in peoples daily 32 times. even the wall street journal creates the english word dama to describe the phenomenon of chinese aunts buying things crazily.many studies on internet buzzwords from various perspectives have been conducted, such as cognitive linguistics, but few has been done from the angle of eco-linguistics, which is a new theory and attracts many scholars attention in recent years. it provides scholars with a new perspective to study the internet buzzwords. in order to fill the gap, this paper attempts to take the annual top ten internet buzzwords from 2015-2019 as a corpus, which are released by national language resources monitoring and research center. 1.2research purpose and significancethe study aims to explore the characteristics of the internet buzzwords and why do internet buzzwords have these characteristics from the perspective of eco-linguistics. on top of this, the study reminds us of using positive and harmonious internet language to create a positive and harmonious online environment.it is meaningful to conduct a research on internet buzzwords from eco-linguistics angle. first, as emerging social products deriving from our daily life, internet buzzwords in turn play an important role in our daily communication and shape network culture which we all take part in. in addition, it helps us learn the dynamic changes of the society but also makes us be aware of some problems in society. second, eco-linguistics as a new theory, which confirms to the contemporary concept of sustainable development, is worth being studied. however, few researches on internet buzzwords from eco-linguistics angle have been done. therefore, it deserves to be investigated. third, when it comes to discussing internet buzzwords from eco-linguistics angle, few scholars would combine concrete examples to analyse the characteristics of internet buzzwords. hence, this study will employ china daily to analyse the characteristics. 2.literature review2.1 eco-linguisticsalexsander the other is the internet language for communication, such as e-mail. internet buzzwords are those network language, which is creative, epidemic and has specific meaning.cystal (2004) publishes several books about internet buzzwords. he makes some conclusion on the research of internet buzzwords and gives a definition to internet buzzwords. he holds the view that internet buzzwords are a kind of language and shows some specific features to network in virtual world, chat room, e-mail and blog.based on the definitions above, we can see that internet buzzwords share some common features. internet buzzwords are those created and frequently used by netizens on online chatting in a period, which are the products of the society and in turn have the effect on the society. most of them are brief in form but rich in meaning. the author agrees with the yus definition because it is more comprehensive and accurate than others. in this study, internet buzzwords include popular words, phrases and sentences.2.2.2 previous studies on internet buzzwordswhen it comes to the research of internet buzzwords, many scholars make efforts and have a host of great contributions. for example, cystal (2001) tells us that internet contributes to the unparalleled opportunity for language diversity and creativity. this book includes a host of internet genres, revealing how the internet changes the way of using language. though many researches on internet buzzwords have been done, we can find that most researches on internet buzzwords based on some theories, such as memetics, psychology, culture, pragmatics, eco-linguistics, etc. some scholars study internet buzzwords from memetics theory. xin (2018) makes the analysis of internet buzzwords from the perspective of memetics. she points out that the popularity of the internet buzzwords have close relationship with the memetics, which can copy and spread a large number of internet buzzwords contributing to the popularity of internet buzzwords. it also predicts the future development tendency of internet buzzwords. basing on the data of the latest internet buzzwords like tuhao, tucao, etc, lin second, it takes satisfaction of pleasure as the production and communication purpose, reflecting the entertainment psychology; third, it mainly spreads in the stranger society scene, reflecting the indifferent spectator psychology; fourth, it is the embodiment of netizens right of supervision by public opinion, reflecting the questioning psychology; fifth, various problems of social transformation and various complex emotions generated by social reality eventually become dissatisfaction, reflecting social resentment psychology; sixth, risk and crisis are a normal state, such as unfair rights, opportunities, rules, etc, reflecting anxious psychology.cross-cultural communication is also a research aspect. for example, amants book (2007) provides readers with in-depth information on the various linguistic, cultural, technological, legal, and other factors that affect interactions in online exchanges within the global age. it proposes information that implements effective decisions related to the uses and designs of online media when interacting with individuals from other cultures. some scholars focus on pragmatic study on internet buzzwords. for example, yang (2017) probes into a socio-pragmatic study on network popular language. this research makes a socio-pragmatic study on the samples from perspectives of ontological characteristics, social attribute and cognitive attribute. the research divides internet buzzwords into variant type，adaptative type and derivative type. specifically, variant type of internet buzzwords enjoys high stability，attention and inheritance. adaptative type of internet buzzwords is dependent more on context, and derivative type of internet buzzwords derives from social events and computer game. both of them enjoy lower degree of attention and inheritance. whats more, derivative type of internet buzzwords tends to disappear more easily with the time going by. yus (2011) explores the pragmatic meaning of internet buzzwords. in his book cyber pragmatics, he combines pragmatics, contexts with sperber and wilsons relevance theory to discuss the personal identities and the politeness in online communication. certainly, some scholars put emphasis on eco-linguistics study on internet buzzwords. when comes to the new subject matter, denison (2001) gives the usefulness of the ecological metaphor as examples: the diversified european language and rapid-growing ecology. he also doubts whether the protection of linguistic species should be taken as on a par with the preservation of endangered natural kinds. take chen as an example, he (2017) studies the internet buzzwords from the perspective of ecolinguistics. firstly, the paper makes the ecological explanation about the internet buzzwords based on their diversity, wholeness and dynamism features. secondly, the paper investigates the potential problems concerning the internet buzzwords, which are serious-parodying, highly-polluting, and over-defamiliarization. finally, the paper proposes suggestions for the creators, users, and supervisors to ensure the harmonious existence and development of the internet buzzwords and ecological language environment.2.3 problems in the previous studiesbased on the previous studies, it is clear to see that many scholars put emphasis on the internet buzzwords from different angles in recent years. some scholars research internet buzzwords from eco-linguistics perspective. however, they are unaware of some details in their researches. for one thing, their theories concerning on eco-linguistics are so broad that make the researches seem illogical. for another, they also neglect combine the theory with practice, which make the studies look unpersuasive. in order to fill the gap, the author will employ two typical research models, namely haugen model and halliday model, to analyse the characteristics of internet buzzwords. this paper will also combine china daily as an concrete example to analyse the characteristics of internet buzzwords.referencesalexander, r., hlhusler (ed.), the ecolinguistics reader: language, ecology and environment (pp. 4) london: continuum. yus, f. (2011). cyber pragmatics. amsterdam/ philadelphia: john benjamins publishing company.陈虹樾（2017），生态语言学视阙下的网络流行语，《高教学刊》，4: 187-188。

范俊军（2005），生态语言学研究述评，《外语教学与研究》， 2：110-115。

林金容、武建国（2014）, 模因视角下网络流行语的纸媒传播，《华南理工大学》(社会科学版)，16（6）：72-74。

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

3.Methodology3.1 Research questions This research intends to answer the following questions:1.What are the characteristics of Chinese Internet buzzwords in China daily?2.How to analyse these characteristics from eco-linguistics perspective? 3.2Research design Firstly, the author identifies the top ten Internet buzzwords of each year from 2015-2019, which are released by National Language Resources Monitoring and Research Center. Then the author finds their English versions in China daily. The total number is 50. Since the institute and the paper media are official and authoritative, the Internet buzzwords are authoritative and representative. Secondly, the author counts the word frequency of each buzzword in China dailys articles. Taking prehistorical powers as an example, the author clicks the Advanced Search button in China daily, then inputs prehistorical powers in full text column and chooses the data range from 2015.1.1 to 2019.12.30. Next, the author chooses the duplication removal and at last clicks Search button. The results of the articles concerning prehistorical powers are clear to see, then the author downloads the articles. Word frequency is collected by year. Then, a table is drawn to show them clearly. Table 1: Internet buzzwords from 2015-2019Internet buzzwords Word frequency Internet buzzwords Word frequency重要的事情说三遍Important things cannot be repeated too much 0 扎心了，老铁My hearts broken, old fellow 0世界那么大，我想去看看The world is big and I want to see it 12 还有这种操作I never thought it would be like this 0你们城里人真会玩We cant understand you towniesbehaviors 0 怼Diss 2为国护盘For the country to support the market 0 你有freestyle吗Can you freestyle、Do you have freestyle 2我想静静Leave me alone 10 油腻Greasy 1吓死宝宝了I wasnt born yesterday, but you scared me to death 0 锦鲤koi fish/Jinli 3内心几乎是崩溃I lost my control, in my heart 0 杠精an argumentative person 0我妈是我妈Prove that my mom is my mom 0 Skr 1主要看气质Focus on the aura 0 佛系Buddha Style、Zen-like 3明明可以靠脸吃饭，却偏偏要靠才华She could have earned a living with face, but instead, she uses her talent 0 确认过眼神what I can see in ones eyes 0洪荒之力Prehistorical powers 13 官宣officially announce 9348友谊的小船the ship of friendship 7 C位center position 1定个小目标set a small goal 2 土味情话cheesy pick-up line 0吃瓜群众the people who are kept in the dark 0 皮一下Being prankish 0葛优躺Ge Yourepose 2 燃烧我的卡路里Burning Calories 58辣眼睛Hard on the eyes 0 不忘初心Remain true to our original aspiration 35全是套路Its all tricks 0 道路千万条，安全第一条On countless roads ahead, safety comes first. 0蓝瘦香菇lanshou xianggu(meaning upset and wanna cry) 3 柠檬精green with envy 6老司机veteran netizen 0 好嗨哟be so high/get really high 0厉害了我的哥My brother, youre wonderful! 0 14亿护旗手1.4 billion guardians of the national flag 0打call to cheer for 0 是个狼人someone is a badass/crackerjack 0尬聊embarrassing chat 1 雨女无瓜none of your business 2你的良心不会痛吗the pricks of conscience 0 硬核Hardcore 48惊不惊喜，意不意外not know what hit you 0 996the 996 work schedule 17皮皮虾，我们走shake a leg\haul ass/get cracking 0 断舍离simplifying life 0Thirdly, the author uses Excel to draw the line graph according to the word frequency of each year. Taking prehistorical powers as an example, the word frequency is 0, 12, 1, 0, 0. Then, the line graph is drawn. Fourthly, the author will combine the table and line graph with the articles in China daily to analyse the characteristics of Chinese internet buzzwords from eco-linguistic perspective.