Design on LED illumination system using light-source-tracking solar power complemented by electric power开题报告

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

1.Overview of Research1.1 ABSTRACT LED lighting power supply system based on renewable energy. Solar energy is a clean, pollution-free, rich enough energy, has a wide application prospect with wind energy.The direction and intensity of the sun light vary with time, seasons and weather. The solar panel needs to keep perpendicular to the sun light to get full absorption of the sun energy and increase power.A light-source-tracking control system for a solar panel is designed to maximize the use of the energy of the sun. Therefore, Outdoor or indoor LED lighting can be powered by solar energy, but in rainy days or seasons with insufficient sunshine, continuous energy supply needs to be achieved in the form of solar power complemented with electric energy.In this project, needs to choose a single chip Microcontroller, design hardware circuit (light intensity detection, conversion circuit, azimuth-detection and conversion module, different energy supply automatic switching detection module) , along with software programming, to achieve automatic switch between solar power supply with the automatic tracking control system and electricity power supply. Furthermore, the limitation and improvement will be discussed as the feature work.1.2 INTRODUCTION With the rapid increase in population and economic development, the problems of the energy crisis and global warming effects are today a cause for increasing concern. So the non renewable energy like fuel and coal will run out if this energy continuous using by users. Because of these matters, the world wide scientist now is busy searching for renewable energy like solar, hydro and wind, because utilization of renewable energy resources is the key solution to these problems. Solar energy is one of the primary sources of clean, abundant and inexhaustible energy, that not only provides alternative energy resources, but also improves environmental pollution.A review of current literature shows that, today's time solar cells are becoming extremely popular for utilizing solar energy to use in different ways such as producing electricity, transportation, cooking etc. So many solar panels have been installed all over the world and most of them are stable. They are installed in the direction of maximum radiation of sunlight. Now the problem arises that the sun is moving. So we cannot use maximum radiation of sun all the time. The position of maximum radiation receiving position only comes once in 24 hours.Solar tracker is the best solution for receiving maximum radiation. By moving the solar panel according to the movement of sun we can always receive the maximum radiation. The earth receives 16 x 1018 units of energy from the sun annually, which is 20,000 times the requirement of mankind on the Earth. Solar panels are used to convert light energy into electrical energy. Efficient Solar Power generation System using moving panel is a efficient power generating system using sun light.2. METHODS OF TRACKING MOUNT AND DRIVESolar tracker? Solar Tracker is basically a device onto which solar panels are fitted which tracks the motion of the sun across the sky ensuring that the maximum amount of sunlight strikes the panels throughout the day. After finding the sunlight, the tracker will try to navigate through the path ensuring the best sunlight is detected. The design of the Solar Tracker requires many components. The design and construction of it could be divided into six main parts that would need to work together harmoniously to achieve a smooth run for the Solar Tracker, each with their main function.Types of solar tracing systems. There are many types of solar trackers, of varying costs, sophistication, and performance. The two basic categories of trackers are single axis and dual axis.Single axisSolar trackers can either have a horizontal or a vertical axis. The horizontal type is used in tropical regions where the sun gets very high at noon, but the days are short. The vertical type is used in high latitudes where the sun does not get very high, but summer days can be very long. In concentrated solar power applications, single axis trackers are used with parabolic and linear Fresnel mirror designs. Dual axisSolar trackers have both a horizontal and a vertical axis and thus they can track the sun's apparent motion virtually anywhere in the world. CSP applications using dual axis tracking include solar power towers and dish (Stirling engine) systems. Dual axis tracking is extremely important in solar tower applications due to the angle errors resulting from longer distances between the mirror and the central receiver located in the tower structure.Methods of Drive Solar tracker Drives, can be divided into three main types depending on the type of drive and sensing or positioning system that they incorporateFigure 1. Methods of Drive1. Passive trackers: use the sun's radiation to heat gases that move the tracker across the sky.2. Active trackers: use electric or hydraulic drives and some type of gearing or actuator to move the tracker.3. Open loop trackers: use no sensing but instead determine the position of the sun through prerecorded data for a particular site.3. HARDWWARE COMPONENTS OF SOLAR TRACKERSolar panel Solar panel is the main point of the project. It involves solar panel to get the voltage output. This is renewable energy that needs to convert into voltage. This solar need more study and do the experimental to know the range of the output value. This solar panel will be controlled by software to switch on the circuit that will be converted the output and stabilize the voltage that be used in the project.Sensor LDR Sensors is a high resistance semiconductor whose resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity. When light falls on such a semiconductor, the valence electrons receive the light energy incident and jump to the conduction band. The conductivity of the device increases, decreasing its resistivity.Motor Stepper Motor is an electromechanical device which converts electrical pulses into discrete mechanical movements. The speed of the motor shafts rotation is directly related to the frequency of the input pulses and the length of rotation is directly related to the number of input pulses applied.Microcontroller The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller and developed by Arduino.cc. The board is equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards and other circuits.Power SupplyLead Acid Battery is very low energy-to-weight ratio and a low energy-to volume ratio, their ability to supply high surge currents means that the cells maintain a relative agree power-to-weight ratio. These features, along with their low cost, make them attractive for use in moto vehicles to provide the high current require by automobile starter motors. 4. ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGESAdvantages Trackers generate more electricity than their stationary counterparts due to increased direct exposure to solar rays. There are many different kinds of solar trackers, such as single-axis and dual-axis trackers, all of which can be the perfect fit for a unique jobsite. In certain states, some utilities offer Time of Use (TOU) rate plans for solar power, which means the utility will purchase the power generated during the peak time of the day at a higher rate. No manual interruption is requiredDisadvantages This system cannot be used in rainy season. Initial cost is high. Trackers are a more complex system than fixed racking. 5. REFERENCES[1] Salah Abdallah, Salem Nijmeh, "Two axes sun tracking system with PLC control", Energy conversion and management, vol. 45, no. 11-12, pp. 1931-1939, 2004.[2] Shreyasi Chakrabory, Nilanjana Mukherjee, Rashmi Biswas, Tanushree Saha, Astika Mohinta, Neha Kumari Modi, Dip Prakash Samajda, Microcontroller based Solar Tracker system using LDRs and Stepper Motor, ECE Department, Heritage Institute of Technology, Chowbaga Road, Anandapur, Kolkata-700107 [3] Nader Barsoum , Pandian Vasant, SIMPLIFIED SOLAR TRACKING PROTOTYPE, Curtin University of Technology, Sarawak, Malaysia University Technology Petronas, Perak, Malaysia Revised December 2009, Accepted March 2010[4] C. Alexandru, C. Pozna, "Simulation of a dual-axis solar tracker for improving the performance of a photovoltaic panel", Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, vol. 224, no. 6, pp. 797-811, 2010.[5] Ral Gregor; Yoshihico Takase. "A novel design and automation of a biaxial solar tracking system for PV power applications". IEEE, IECON Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Vienna, Austria Nov.2013[6] H. Mousazadeh, A. Keyhani, A. Javadi, H. Mobli, K. Abrinia, A. Sharifi, "A review of principle and sun-tracking methods for maximizing solar systems output," in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Oct. 2009, Volume: 13, Issue: 8, pp. 1800-1818.[7] K. Ding, X. Bian, H. Liu, T. Peng, "A MATLAB-Simulink-Based PV Module Model and Its Application Under Conditions of Nonuniform Irradiance," in IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Dec. 2012, Volume: 27, Issue: 4, pp. 864-872.[8] Akhil.K Solar Tracking System, Electrical and Electronics Engineering Roll no:5, Reg no 13030580[9] Balveer Singh Sun Tracking solar panel, A project seminar automatic tracking of solar panel, H.O.D Electrical department[10] Dr. J.L. Febin Daya1, V.Ananthakrishnan 2, P.Balamurugan 3, Dr.O.V.Gnana Swathika4, DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMATIC SOLAR TRACKER SYSTEM VIT University Chennai[11] Sandipan Paul, Debasis Kumar Das, Sourav Basak, DUAL AXIS SOLAR TRACKER Department of Electrical Engineering RCC INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY[12] A. Z. Hafez, A. M. Yousef, N. M. Harag, "Solar tracking systems: Technologies and trackers drive typesA review", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 91, pp. 754-782, 2018..[13] CHEN Y M，LIU Y C，WU T F. "Multi-input DC/DC converter based on the multiwinding transformer for renewable energy applications". IEEE Trans on Industry Applications， 2002， 38 (4):1096-1104.[14] B. Koyuncu and K. Balasubramanian, A microprocessor controlled automatic sun tracker, IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron., vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 913-917, 1991.[15] Sanjeev Kr. Talukdar, Kalyan Kr. Gogoi, Parviz Rahman Bora, Rezaul Islam Roll No. DC2009BTE4089, OLAR TRACKING SYSTEM College Of Engineering And Technology Assam Don Bosco University, Guwahati, Assam, India[16] Jing-Min Wang * and Chia-Liang Lu Design and Implementation of a Sun Tracker with a Dual-Axis Single Motor for an Optical Sensor-Based Photovoltaic System Department of Electrical Engineering, St. Johns University, 499, 25135, Taiwan[17] Solar Tracking Application, A Rockwell Automation White Paper, Rockwell Automation 1201, W1350201[18] B. Koyuncu and K. Balasubramanian, A microprocessor controlled automatic sun tracker, IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron., vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 913-917, 1991.[19 Y. J. Huang, B. C. Wu. "Solar Tracking Fuzzy Control System Design using FPGA". Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering , Vol I WCE 2009, July, 2009, London, U.K.

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

6. METHODOLOGYBlock diagramFigure 2. Block diagramFuture research workTwo software will be used for obtaining the hex code and burning the program into the microcontroller they are multisim and ProteusPRO. Usually MCU can be taken as a control unit with photosensitive sensor transmitting data to MCU. Auto-tracking control system composed of Microcontroller, sensors, signal processing units, PV cells, electromagnetic and mechanical motion control modules and power supply systems. Panel detects the sun light strength to sensors and the sensors output is gives to the Microcontroller which compares it and produces an equivalent output so as to rotate the motor and align the panel in the direction of sun. On the monitoring station which receives the data sends by the system. This data is logged into the PC. The converter is used to connect the microcontroller to PC which convert PCs level to Controllers. Limit sensors or Touch sensors are provides to sense the starting and ending position of the solar panel.7. CONCLUSION A modeling and optimization method from a new point of view is proposed. More factors can be taken into consideration in the future modeling and optimization. such as the sensitivity range of the controlling system which determines when the solar tracker should operate to generate more power or stay still to save energy. The research provides references for solar tracking system designing, and the modeling and optimization method can be modified and applied in other mechanical and electronic systems.