Design of automobile anti-collision early warning system开题报告

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

毕 业 设 计（论 文）开 题 报 告OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCHPart1: Overview of the Anti-collision early warning system:In this modern age road transportation is one of the most important parts of our daily lives and economy. According to the data of WHO(World Health Organization), every year nearly 1.25 million people die because of road accidents. About 3,287 deaths per day. Over 90% of all road fatalities occur in low and middle-income countries, which have less than half of the worlds vehicles.[1] There may be many reasons passive or, active accidents caused by vehicles. And to reduce that we have many advanced safety systems built in with our vehicles for example Air Bags, Seat-belts, ABS(Anti-break lock system) or, TCS(Traction control system). Even though these technologies are implemented and has been reducing the rate of fatality, the number of deaths is still high and need to be reduced. Therefore, the Anti-collision early warning system needs to be implemented industrially and needs to be used on public vehicles. Tesla as we know are the best autonomous vehicle there is till date uses a similar technology to guide the vehicle using GPS and Sensors to detect object and change its path accordingly. There are already many Anti-collision warning systems and researches about it. A vehicle equipped with this system can give the driver an early warning by determining the speed and distance of object in front of the vehicle using GPS or, Ultrasonic sensors. The Anti-collision system based on a single chip micro-controller is easy to install and proven effective in research and experiments. Similar technology implemented by Mercedes-Benz in their flagship truck called the Actros is equipped with technology called Telligent Proximity which warns the driver if it detects stationary car or, object in front or, if the distance with the vehicle in front is less than 150 meters.[2] These systems are indeed lifesaving and important for us to implement. After researching current technologies and projects this proposed project is based on ARDUINO and Sensors to prevent collision of vehicles by giving an early warning.Part2: Overview of designing and the making of the early warning system:Introduction: Early warning system for automobile anti-collision is an important system for us. Every year a lot of lives are lost because of vehicle collision and this system can help us reduce that by a major percentage. A lot of systems similar have already been implemented. For example, we all know about the Tesla Autopilot system, it can detect obstacles or, vehicles in its lane and change accordingly and take the best route to destination. Similarly, in my proposed project, the system will give the driver and early warning when the distance between the car ahead or, an obstacle is detected by GPS or, Ultrasonic sensor and depending on the distance first it will give an alarm, here we will use the piezo buzzer and a red led. And when the distance is too short, we will cut of the DC motor of the project car imitating the real-life vehicles engine as Emergency braking system to avoid collision. Below I will briefly describe the design plan of the system:Anti-collision system is designed based on a microcontroller. In this project the ARDUINO UNO R3 will be used. The ARDUINO UNO R3 is widely used and easy to program using its own IDE software.Below are the few proposed ways to create an early warning system to avoid collision:1. Detecting Object in front and giving audio and visual warning:After researching previously proposed projects and journals this method is one of the most effective ways to alert a driver about a probable collision. Here, in the system the ultrasonic sensor will be programmed with the microcontroller to measure and detect object. The ultrasonic sensor is based on the principle of RADAR technology. It emits ultrasound wave using the transmitter and hits the object and then receives it using the receiver if its reflected back and thus detecting and measuring the object. After receiving data, if the object is in range and less than the safety distance, the LED will light up and the piezo buzzer will sound alarm.2. Decelerating the car and avoiding collision:The anti-collision early warning system is mainly about warning the driver at a safe distance so that the collision can be avoided. For that we need to understand about the safety distance first. Usually when learning how to drive we learn that there should be at least a full car length between you and the other car. And when travelling at 120km/h speed it should be about 150meters. So, in this project will create a system using the GPS and HCR04 ultrasonic sensor to automatically decrease speed and maintain safe distance or, if the distance is less than the programmed distance for decelerating the DC motor will stop as in real-life the car engine will be stopped to completely avoid the collision.Path Planning:Path planning is an important part of the project. To conduct proper experiment and gain results there needs to be a proper environment for the project vehicle. We need a proper road map with stable objects for our sensor to detect and furthermore after that we will need movable object to implement the second process, to decelerate the vehicle and avoid collision. References:1. Association for safe international road travel: ROAD SAFETY FACTShttps://www.asirt.org/safe-travel/road-safety-facts/?fbclid=IwAR2oV0cLkvi8yM6VfiystlFJnlyanollH2HIGW5KTCbArNhm2d-r4EAEwH82. Mercedes-Benz ACTROS truck safety systemshttps://www.mercedes-benz-trucks.com/en_ID/models/long-distance-actros/safety/safetysystems.html3. M. Li et al., "Anti-Collision System Design of Vehicle Lane Change Overtaking," 2019 4th International Conference on Mechanical, Control and Computer Engineering (ICMCCE), Hohhot, China, 2019, pp. 571-5716.4. W. Song, Y. Yang, M. Fu, F. Qiu and M. Wang, "Real-Time Obstacles Detection and Status Classification for Collision Warning in a Vehicle Active Safety System," in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 758-773, March 2018.5. 刘大维//硕士专业子论文//汽车安全距离预警系统的研究（2017-11-25）6. Design of Ultrasonic Sensor and Ultraviolet Sensor Implemented on a Fire Fighter Robot Using AT89S52 Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC) Vol. 1, No. 2, 2020, March 2020, pp. 59-63 ISSN: 2715-5072, DOI: 10.18196/jrc.12137. RF and GPS Based Intelligent Vehicular Anticollision System J. Raga Priya#1, Dr.G.N. Kodanda Ramaiah*2 # Department of ECE, KEC 895, 1979. 14. Sariff N , Buniyamin N . An Overview of Autonomous Mobile Robot Path Planning Algorithms[C]// 2006 4th Student Conference on Research and Development. IEEE, 2007.

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

２．本课题要研究或解决的问题和拟采用的研究手段（途径）：PART 1: Research Task of this project:This project has certain that needs to be accomplished. The target is to design a system for vehicle safety distance warning system based on a microcontroller. To understand the basic working principle of the project I need intensive research and lab experiments. The system should successfully detect object and give a early warning to avoid collision. In accordance with the requirements below are the tasks that needs to be accomplished: Design and plan the function block of the main system Hardware design schematic diagram and circuit design Software programming and programming of the microcontroller PART 2: Research Method of this project: Design and Plan the Function Block of the main design: Figure 1: Basic Fucntion block of the main design.This system mainly consists of two parts , first hardware and second software. Basic idea of this system is the hardwares installed on CAR-1 will detect CAR-2(object) and give the driver a warning at a certain distance(which will be pre-programmed into the system) so the obstacle can be avoided by the help of sensors and GPS. Futhermore, if the distance less than the warning distance and CAR-1 still detects CAR-2(object) it will turn off the DC MOTOR(In real life the car engine by implementing emergency braking system as we can see from Figure 1. Hardware design Block: In the proposed system the hardware design primarily consists of the micro-controller ARDUINO UNI R3, the Power supply module, Sensors/GPS driver module, DC motor, Piezo buzzer, LED.Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P which has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0), a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It is cheap, efficient and fast. In this project the HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance sensor is used. This economical sensor provides 2cm to 400cm of non-contact measurement Each HC-SR04 module includes an ultrasonic transmitter, a receiver and a control circuit.We will design a peripheral circuit in accordance with our function diagram seen in figure-2 below. The power supply which will be battery in the project which will be connected with our board. The GPS module will be programmed to detect the speed and sensors will measure the distance and object. The piezo buzzer will be used as the alarm and leds for visual warning. And for final step the dc motor will be turned off to totally avoid the collision. Figure 2: Block Diagram for the hardware system design Design related software:In this project we will work with ARDUINO IDE for the programming for our system. The ARDUINO IDE software allows user to program, compile, design, upload, use libraries, compile and finally download the written program to the board. PROTEUS is used to design schematic circuits and simulate before implementing the circuit in the lab.In order for this system to work properly the sensors need to measure the distance and object properly and the connection between the board and other hardware need to be connected properly and programmed properly and debugged so that the early warning system design is flawless.