A Study on China English Manifestations in TCM Translation—Based on the TCM Nomenclature Translation of WHO中国英语在中医翻译中的表现探讨-基于WHO中医名词术语翻译的研究开题报告

1. 研究目的与意义

随着与世界各国的不断交流和中医药立法，中国文化尤其是中医收到越来越多的关注，中医的国际认可度不断提高。

语言作为文化的一部分，与文化不可分割，因此，翻译成为宣扬中国文化的必要手段。

中医英语翻译是一种跨文化、跨语言的医学信息交流，通过中医英语翻译，我国传统医学得到宣扬与发展。

2. 文献综述

1．Definition of China EnglishChina English is a part of World English and is a regional variant of English in China. It is a standard English language used to express Chinese unique things. China English differs from Chinglish. Chinglish is a non-standard English and is an English language error that is influenced by Chinese.The concept of China English was put forward by Ge Chuangui in 1980s firstly, it refers to the kind of English that is used to describe the unique phenomena to the political, economic, cultural and social fields in China. It is a kind of standard English and established by popular usage, and is intelligible and acceptable to educate people who are native English speakers. According to Li Wenzhongs opinions, he pointed out that many Chinese borrowing words have entered the English languages and become part of it through transliteration, e.g.: tea, kowtow. Xie Zhijun was against Li Wenzhongs point, his main point is China English is an interferential English variety used by Chinese people in cross-cultural communication; its interference is caused by the Chinese language, the way of Chinese culture and Chinese thinking. China English is based on standard English and is able to enter the English languages. The characteristics of China English are mainly as follows:(1)It is a kind of standard English;(2)The unique vocabularies formed on the basis of Chinas unique culture, and reflect Chinas unique era or cultural characteristics.2．TCM EnglishLanguage is accompanied by the creation of the human civilization; it is a direct expression of humans thought. Language is one of national characteristics, it reflects the nations historical and cultural background, the nations view of life and the view of thinking. Cultural diversity leads to language diversity. As some scholars say, no culture, and then no language.TCM English is a unique expression system formed by English in the process of foreign translation and exchange of TCM. It is a kind of English for specific purpose. Since the 1970s, due to the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy and the rise of "acupuncture and moxibustion fever" in other countries, Chinese foreign exchanges have become more frequent, and traditional Chinese medicine has also grown vigorously. In 1983, the People's Medical Publishing House edited and published an English teaching material for use in TCM universities. Although the concept of traditional Chinese medicine English was not pointed out, the writing style, content setting, and lexical grammar all fully reflected the characteristics of TCM English, and it has provided a positive influence on the development of TCM English.TCM English belongs to medical English, it is a branch of English for science and technology. It mainly describes and discusses the scientific facts of medicine, displays the results of medical research, and creates medical knowledge. The aim of TCM English is to express Chinese medicine in English, and its function is to communicate Chinese medicine in English. 3．TCM Translation MethodsIn fact, a language is closely attached with the unlimited thoughts; thoughts dominate language, which is the carrier of thoughts during communication. As the transformation from one language to the other one, translation is a kind of language activity and thinking activity. Translation is a pure technique of conversion from one language to the other because of the context of the study of culture, at the same time, it is from one form to the other form, and from one culture education to the other. Andre Lefvere considers translation as conversion of culture. Chen Hongwei thinks that translation is a kind of communication of inter-language, inter-culture, inter-society. She composes languages to the blood of culture, and holds the idea that the development of culture moves along the track of the shaping and development of the language. During translation, translators deal with two kinds of languages, and in the deep level, the deal with the different culture beneath the languages.Traditional Chinese Medical text belongs to the field of science, its cultural connotation of vocabulary is less diverse than the literary one. But without a doubt, during delivering the TCM information, TCM translation involves the marvelous Chinese culture, so translating traditional Chinese medicine into other languages, which means Chinese medical culture is conveyed by the language. Professor Li Zhaoguo pointed out that there are five main features of TCM translation: (1) the specialization of common English words; (2) the use of Western medical vocabulary; (3) the creation of new words through imitation; 4) the formation of words through word formation; 5) borrowing TCM language.Translation is a kind of tool, involving the words of two kinds of languages and their culture, to convey the information by keeping the peace with the source languages contents and style. It promotes the rapid development of the culture communication. Medical translation is the cross-cultural communication of medical science. The purpose of medical translation is to introduce advanced medical technology and experience in order to maintain medical contacts and exchanges among countries. The basic purpose of TCM translation is to allow foreign countries to understand and accept traditional Chinese medicine. There are four main principles.Transliteration is the way that the corresponding characters of another language system are used to represent the words of a language. For example, some words in English are converted from pinyin. Describing the unique words in Chinese is the simplest and most direct way by which Chinese culture can be understood by many foreigners.Literal translation can be defined as the method of translating text from one language to another word by word instead of delivering the idea of the original text and conforming to the form of the source language. In the field of translation, literal translation involves specialized translation of the texts about science, technique and law. Literal translation and free translation are different and the controversy between them has been debated by a throng of translators for long. Being a tool in intercultural comparison, literal translation has many advantages. First, it can easily disclose the differences between the source language and the target language. Second, it remains the particular culture characteristics of China and make English expression abundant.Loan translation is the method of borrowing the words from one language to another one by which the semantic elements of the given words are translated directly into their equivalents in the borrowing language. How do we distinguish loan translation from literal translation? The difference is that the former borrows the term from source language and uses it in the target language, but the latter to some extent added the meaning of source language to the target culture.Free translation expresses the original idea according to the original meaning without paying attention to the details. The translators should not only comprehended the meaning of the original message, but also provide a rich source and target language knowledge and culture.4. SummaryIn summary, the essence of China English is that it is the product of the combination of Chinese unique culture and standardized English in cross-cultural communication. On the one hand, it is necessary to respect the general grammar rules of English and to meet the understandable and acceptable principle. On the other hand, it must reflect Chinese culture and Language features to achieve the purpose of spreading Chinese culture and Chinese language features. Traditional Chinese medicine is a kind of characteristic culture of China, and TCM English belongs to China English. In order to promote the internationalization of TCM, TCM translation of Chinese medicine has been produced in the process of cross-cultural communication. China English plays a guiding role in TCM translation. China English is conducive to the dissemination of Chinese culture and will gradually expand as the Chinese use English and the formation of Chinese characteristics, thereby enriching and developing English and world culture.

3. 设计方案和技术路线

文献资料法比较研究法

4. 工作计划

1.确定论文题目。

2.分享一些论文相关资料。

3.建议文献资料查找方向和途径。

5. 难点与创新点

前人对于中国英语或者是中医英语翻译的相关研究已经有很多，但将两者结合起来的较少，随着中医药的立法及相关政策不断提出，中医药的发展前景非常可观，本课题的选题较为新颖，并具有一定的现实价值与研究价值。

经过对前人的研究成果的总结和对于文献的研读，该生理论上能保质保量的如期上交较为满意的论文。