生态批评视角下《胎记》中的科学观解读 The Interpretation of the concept of Science in The Birthmark from the Perspective of Eco-criticism开题报告

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述）

research purpose:

nathaniel hawthorne is one of the representatives of romanticism literatureand is renowned as an outstanding masterof the short story in latter 19th century in america.at that time in america, as the industrial revolution went on, science had developed rapidly and changed the whole society. under this social background, hawthorne attached importance to the relationships between human and nature and between human and science and put forward his concept of science in his short stories. the birthmark is one of his most successful and widely known novels about his concept of science. this novelcreates a crazy and paranoid scientist who wants to conquer and transform nature but finally ends in tragedyto highlight hawthorne’s attitude of science. this research aims to analyze the whole novels carefully to interpret hawthorne’s concept of science based on the perspective of eco-criticism, explore the causes of his concept of science anddraw theenlightenment to the contemporary societyand nature from his concept of science.

2. 研究的基本内容与方案

contents:

1. introduction (background, purpose and significance, methodology)

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   3. 研究计划与安排

   before 4th january: settlement of the title

   before 28th february: submission of the outline

   29th february-15th march: finish the first two part of the thesis

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   4. 参考文献（12篇以上）

   [1]garrard, g.ecocriticism[m].new york:routledge, 2004.

   [2]glotfelty, c.the ecocriticism reader[m].athens:the university of georgia press, 1996.

   [3]harding,sandra.whose science?whose knowledge?[m].new york:cornell university press,2001.

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