北京国学中心给排水工程设计（8层）文献综述

文献综述（或调研报告）：

我国农村生活污水收集与处理的现状及最佳方案探讨

陈钦(南京，211189).

摘要：描述了我国农村生活污水的处理现状，介绍了我国农村生活污水的特点，叙述了生物处理技术、生态处理技术、生物生态集成处理技术的应用现状，分析了各处理技术的优缺点。提出了农村生活污水处理工艺选择的原则，分析了我国农村生活污水面临的问题并提出相应对策。

关键词：农村生活污水；生物处理；生态处理

Abstract: The status quo and characteristics of rural domestic sewage treatment in China were analyzed. The application status of several domestic sewage treatment technologies, such as biological treatment technology, ecological treatment technology and bio-ecological integrated treatment technology, was described. The advantages and disadvantages of each treatment technology were analyzed. The selection principle of rural domestic sewage treatment technology was put forward, and the problems faced by rural domestic sewage in China were analyzed and corresponding countermeasures were put forward.

Key words: rural domestic sewage; biological treatment; ecological treatment

0引言

目前全国农村每年产生的生活污水，多数得不到有效处理。我国多数农村地区没有设置健全的排水和污水处理系统，污水的排放具有随意性。由此导致农村环境的严重污染，对是农村水源地造成很大威胁：农业面源污染已是污染水体和水体富营养化的重要原因^[1];太湖地区农村污水随意排放是导致太湖水环境破坏的主要原因之一^[2]；生活污水易导致部分地区传染病和人畜共患疾病的流行^[3]。所以，研究农村生活污水处理的最佳技术模式，对于我国乡村水环境的保护和治理有重要意义。

1农村生活污水定义、处理现状及特点