基于物联网智能家居控制系统设计外文翻译资料

Smart Home Technology

Link your homes lighting, entertainment and security systems with new automated home technology.

Smart home is expected to offer various intelligent services by recognizing residents along with their life style and feelings. One of the key issues for realizing the smart home is how to detect the locations of residents. Currently, the research effort is focused on two approaches: terminal-based and non-terminal-based methods. The terminal -based method employs a type of device that should be carried by the resident while the non-terminal-based method requires no such device.

There is a growing interest in smart home as a way to offer a convenient, comfortable, and safe residential environment. In general, the smart home aims to offer appropriate intelligent services to actively assist in the residentrsquo;s life such as housework, amusement, rest, and sleep. Hence, in order to enhance the residentrsquo;s convenience and safety, devices such as home appliances, multimedia appliances, and internet appliances should be connected via a home network system, as shown in Fig. 1, and they should be controlled or monitored remotely using a television (TV) or personal digital assistant (PDA).

Especially, attention has been focused on location-based services as a way to offer high-quality intelligent services, while considering human factors such as pattern of living, health, and feelings of a resident. That is, if the smart home can recognize the residentrsquo;s pattern of living or health, then home appliances should be able to anticipate the residentrsquo;s needs and offer appropriate intelligent service more actively. For example, in a passive service environment, the resident controls the operation of the HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) system, while the smart home would control the temperature and humidity of a room according to the residentrsquo;s condition. Various indoor location-aware systems have been developed to recognize the residentrsquo;s location in the smart home or smart office. In general, indoor location-aware systems have been classified into three types according to the measurement technology: triangulation, scene analysis, and proximity methods [8]. The triangulation method uses multiple distances from multiple known points. Examples include Active Badges, Active Bats, and Easy Living, which use infrared sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and vision sensors, respectively. The scene analysis method examines a view from a particular vantage point. Representative examples of the scene analysis method are MotionStar, which uses a DC magnetic tracker, and RADAR, which uses IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (LAN). Finally, the proximity method measures nearness to a known set of points. An example of the proximity method is Smart Floor, which uses pressure sensors.

Alternatively, indoor location-aware systems can be classified according to the need for a terminal that should be carried by the resident. Terminal-based methods, such as Active Bats, do not recognize the residentrsquo;s location directly, but perceive the location of a device carried by the resident, such as an infrared transceiver or radio frequency identification (RFID) tag. Therefore, it is impossible to recognize the residentrsquo;s location if he or she is not carrying the device. In contrast, non-terminal methods such as Easy Living and Smart Floor can find the residentrsquo;s location without such devices. However, Easy Living can be regarded to invade the residentrsquo;s privacy while the Smart Floor has difficulty with extendibility and maintenance.

Home automation has come a long way from the manual timer hooked up to the living room light. Todays 'smart' home automatically regulates heat, air and light, distributes audio and video around the house, controls access to your home and can even remind you to exercise!

New technologies and product advances have made home technology systems more affordable than ever and have brought home systems integration into the mainstream. According to a study done in 2004 by the National Association of Home Builders Research Center and the Consumer Electronics Association, nearly half of all new homes being built in the U.S. are now using structured copper 'smart' wiring to enable the installation of new home technology systems.

How it Works
There are four main types of networks you can install in your home to support the available new technology. Each has its advantages and disadvantages depending on whether you are wiring a new home or upgrading an existing home.

• Structured wiring involves running specialized high performance cabling throughout your home. It provides a highly reliable and secure network that distributes data signals for phones, computers, TVs and audio components. Its ideal for new construction but not always easy to install in an existing home. Also, networking is limited to the reach of cables, jacks and plugs.
• Wireless networks provide the advantages of flexibility and mobility and virtually eliminate the wiring dilemmas often faced by existing homeowners. However, wireless networks tend to be less reliable and subject to interference from other devices such as baby monitors and cordless phones.
• Power-line networks use a homes existing electrical lines to transmit data. They are relatively easy to set up and operate but carry the risk of power surges, and an unencrypted household network may be accessible to neighbors sharing the same transformer.
• Phone-line networks use a homes telephone lines to carry multiple services. Typically, each service is assigned a unique frequency spectrum so they dont interfere with one another. Smart home technology may also enable you to dial in via a phone line to control specific home operating systems and/or be pre-set to dial out to a monit

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  智能家居技术

  将家庭的照明，娱乐和安全系统与新的自动化家庭技术联系起来。

  智能家居有望通过识别居民及其生活方式和感受来提供各种智能服务。 实现智能家居的关键问题之一是如何检测居民的位置。 目前，研究工作侧重于两种方法：基于终端和非终端的方法。 基于终端的方法采用一种应该由驻留者携带的设备，而基于非终端的方法不需要这样的设备。

  人人都想有一个舒适，安全，方便的生活环境，因此人们越来越对智能家居感兴趣。一般来说，智慧家园旨在提供适当的智能服务，积极协助居民的家务，娱乐，休息和睡眠等生活。 因此，为了提高居民的便利性和安全性，家用电器，多媒体电器和互联网设备等设备应通过家庭网络系统连接，并且它们应通过电视或个人数字助理（PDA）来控制或远程监控。

  尤其要注意的是，作为一种提供高质量的智能服务，目标应集中于定位服务，同时考虑人为因素，比如住户的生活方式，健康状况和居住感受。也就是说，如果智能家居能识别住户的生活方式或健康状况，那么家用电器应该能预见住户的需要，并能更主动的提供适合的智能服务。例如，在一个被动的服务环境下，需要住户控制供热通风与空气调节系统（供暖，通风和空调），而智能家居将根据住户情况自动调节房间的温湿度。智能家居或智能办公室的各种室内感应定位系统的已经研发到能够识别住户的位置。一般来说，室内定位感应系统根据测量技术分为三种类型：三角测量，场景分析和接近方法。三角测量法是通过多个已知点来计算位置距离。运用三角测量法的例子包括Active Badges，Active Bats和Easy Living，它们分别运用了红外传感器，超声波传感器和视觉传感器来实现的。场景解析法是检测一个场景内的特定着眼点。场景解析法的典型例子是使用直流磁力跟踪器的MotiveStar，和使用无线局域网络[LAN]标准IEEE 802,11的RADAR。接近法则是以一组已知点中最接近的点近似作为定位点。接近法的例子有使用压力传感器的Smart Floor。

  或者，室内位置感知系统可以根据需要由居民携带的终端进行分类。 基于终端的方法，例如Active Bats，不直接识别居民的位置，而是感知居民承载的设备的位置，例如红外收发器或射频识别（RFID）标签。 因此，如果他或她没有携带设备，就不可能识别居民的位置。 相比之下，非终端方法如Easy Living和Smart Floor可以在没有这些设备的情况下找到居民的位置。 但是，轻松生活可以被认为侵犯了居民的隐私，而智能楼层的可扩展性和维护性却很难。

  家庭自动化已经从挂接到客厅灯的手动计时很长的路要走。 Todays 'smart' home automatically regulates heat, air and light, distributes audio and video around the house, controls access to your home and can even remind you to exercise!今天的“智能”家庭自动调节热量，空气，光线，音频和视频房子周围分布，控制访问您的家庭，甚至可以提醒你锻炼。

  新技术和产品的进步使家庭技术系统比以往任何时候都更加实惠，并将家庭系统集成纳入主流。 根据全国家用建筑商研究中心和消费电子协会2004年的研究，美国正在建造的新建住宅的近一半正在使用结构化铜“智能”布线，以便安装新的家庭技术系统。

  新技术和产品的进步使家居更负担得起的技术系统，并比以往任何时候都纳入主流家用系统集成。 According to a study done in 2004 by the National Association of Home Builders Research Center and the Consumer Electronics Association, nearly half of all new homes being built in the US are now using structured copper 'smart' wiring to enable the installation of new home technology systems.根据2004年所做的住宅建筑商研究中心和消费电子协会，几乎所有的新家园一半协会的一项研究正在兴建中的美国正在利用结构铜“聪明”接线，使安装技术的新家园系统。

  How it Works它是如何工作

  There are four main types of networks you can install in your home to support the available new technology.主要有四种类型的网络可以在家里安装，以支持现有的新技术。 Each has its advantages and disadvantages depending on whether you are wiring a new home or upgrading an existing home.各有其优势和根据您是否是一个新的家庭布线或升级现有的家庭缺点。

  Structured wiring involves running specialized high performance cabling throughout your home.结构化布线涉及专门高性能运行在您的整个家庭布线。 It provides a highly reliable and secure network that distributes data signals for phones, computers, TVs and audio components.它提供了一个高度可靠和安全的网络，分销，产品用于手机的数据信号，电脑，电视和音频组件。 Its ideal for new construction but not always easy to install in an existing home.这对新建筑的理想，但并不总是很容易安装在现有的家。 Also, networking is limited to the reach of cables, jacks and plugs.此外，网络仅限于电缆范围，插座和插头。

  Wireless networks provide the advantages of flexibility and mobility and virtually eliminate the wiring dilemmas often faced by existing homeowners.无线网络提供的灵活性和流动性，几乎消除了通常由现有的布线房主面临困境的优势。 However, wireless networks tend to be less reliable and subject to interference from other devices such as baby monitors and cordless phones.然而，无线网络往往是如婴儿监视器，无绳电话不可靠和其他装置受到干扰。

  Power-line networks use a homes existing electrical lines to transmit data.电力线网络使用的家庭已有的电力线来传输数据。 They are relatively easy to set up and operate but carry the risk of power surges, and an unencrypted household network may be accessible to neighbors sharing the same transformer.它们是比较容易的设置和执行，但执行的权力风险激增，以及一个未加密的家庭网络可以访问邻国分享同样的变压器。

  Phone-line networks use a homes telephone lines to carry multiple services.电话线的网络使用家里的电话线，以开展多种服务。 Typically, each service is assigned a unique frequency spectrum so they dont interfere with one another.通常，每个服务指定一个独特的频谱，以便他们不会互相干扰。 Smart home technology may also enable you to dial in via a phone line to control specific home operating systems and/or be pre-set to dial out to a monitoring service in the case of a fire or break-in.智能家居技术也可能使您拨打一个电话线，通过具体的家庭作业控制系统和/或预先设定为拨号到监控服务在一旦发生火警或破裂情况的研究。

  而家庭自动化的可能性是有限的，只有你的想象，面对的选择一般的房主可能似乎令人望而生畏。 The good news is that you do not need to become a technological expert in order to enhance your homes capabilities.好消息是，你不必成为技术专家，以提高您的家庭的能力。 A home technology integrator can design, implement, and tie together your homes various electronic systems.一个家庭技术集成商能够设计，实施和您的家庭联系在一起的各种电子系统。 These include:这些措施包括：

  娱乐：您可能已留下深刻的印象朋友的家庭影院安装有一天晚上，当他们突然出现在他们的电影和DVD播放机给你大屏幕，环绕声体验。 But why not take this experience further?但是，为什么不利用这个经验的事呢？ Using fairly simple automation technology, you could push a 'movie' button on a touch pad in your family room.使用相当简单的自动化技术，你可以推“电影”一个触摸板按钮在您的家庭娱乐室。 The lights would dim, the blinds would close, the popcorn maker would spring into action, the fridge would check for adequate ice levels for your soda, and your calls would be automatically forwarded straight to your answering service.昏暗的灯光会，窗帘会结束时，爆米花机将春季行动，冰箱将检查你的苏打冰足够的水平，您的通话将被自动转发到您的接听服务直线。 With a little creativity and planning, all these events can be achieved using a home network.一个小创意和规划，所有这些事件可以实现使用一个家庭网络。

  使用运动传感器和立体声系统，每当您进入家中的房间时，都可以使用运动传感器和音乐播放音乐 - 也许是家庭健身房，也许是古典音乐为您的学习做好准备 - 可能性是无止境的 。 或者您可以坐在客厅里，并通过电视机上显示的屏幕菜单选择要收听的音乐。

  您甚至可以监视孩子的电视和视频游戏习惯，当您不在家时，如果您的孩子观看太多电视或不当的节目，则可以通过编程网络来提醒您的手机。 或者您可以简单地编程电视或游戏机在一段时间后关闭。

  安全性：使用智能家庭自动化技术，你可以计划你的灯光，以模拟正常的家庭活动时，你不在。 For example, some time around your regular bedtime, your bedroom lights and TV will turn on while the rest of the house will be darkened.例如，一些在你的定期就寝时间，卧室的灯和电视将打开，而其余的房子就变黑。 And this lighting routine can be set up to change on the weekend.这灯光可以设置常规改变在周末。

  为了防止破门而入，你可以在家门口的位置，并安装网络摄像机的报警系统，采用热和运动传感器来提醒您，在案件的入侵者远程安全公司。

  对发生火灾时，你的烟雾探测器，可有线不健全，但也只是一个报警信号发送到您的空气调节系统风扇关闭，提醒您和指定联系人和照亮整个房子的疏散路线。

  能源：智能家居自动化技术，你可以编程你的灯光，以模拟正常的在家活动，当你离开。 例如，在您的正常睡前一段时间，您的卧室灯和电视将打开，而房子的其余部分将变暗。 这个照明程序可以设置在周末改变。

  新的智能红外传感器代表了两个迅速发展的结合了红外测温和通常与计算机联系在一起的高速数字技术的科学联盟。这些文书被称为智能传感器，因为他们把微处理器作为编程的双向收发器。传感器之间的串行通信的生产车间和计算机控制室。而且因为电路体积小，传感器因此更小，简化了在紧张或尴尬地区的安装。智能传感器集成到

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