基于物联网的智能水质监测系统外文翻译资料

IoT based Smart Water Quality Monitoring System

Varsha Lakshmikanthaa , Anjitha Hiriyannagowdab , Akshay Manjunathb , Aruna Pattedb , Jagadeesh Basavaiahb*, Audre Arlene Anthonyb

Abstract

Pollution of water is one of the main threats in recent times as drinking water is getting contaminated and polluted. The polluted water can cause various diseases to humans and animals, which in turn affects the life cycle of the ecosystem. If water pollution is detected in an early stage, suitable measures can be taken and critical situations can be avoided. To make certain the supply of pure water, the quality of the water should be examined in real-time. Smart solutions for monitoring of water pollution are getting more and more significant these days with innovation in sensors, communication, and Internet of Things (IoT) technology. In this paper, a detailed review of the latest works that were implemented in the arena of smart water pollution monitoring systems is presented. The paper proposes a cost effective and efficient IoT based smart water quality monitoring system which monitors the quality parameters uninterruptedly. The developed model is tested with three water samples and the parameters are transmitted to the cloud server for further action.

Keywords: Arduino, Cloud Server, Controller, Sensors, Water Quality

1. Introduction

Water pollution ensues when lethal materials move into water sources like ponds, rivers, lakes, seas and oceans, gets dissolved and suspends in water or gets deposited on the bed. Pollution will degrade the quality and purity of water. Ensuring pure and safer water is really challenging due to undue sources of chemicals and contaminants. Pollution of water can be instigated by numerous ways; one of the main reasons for pollution is industrial waste discharge and city sewage. Secondary sources of pollution are pollutants that enter the water from soils or from atmosphere via rain or from groundwater systems. Usually, soils and groundwater comprises of residues of modern practices in agriculture and also indecorously disposed wastes from industries. The major pollutants of water include viruses, bacteria, fertilizers, parasites, pharmaceutical products, pesticides, nitrates, fecal waste, phosphates radioactive substances and plastics. These materials will not alter the color of the water always, but they might be indiscernible contaminants.

Hence small quantity of water from such water resources and marine organisms are examined for determining the water quality. Declining quality of water is detrimental to the health, environment and economy. David Malpass, President of the World Bank cautions about the influence on economy: 'Deteriorating water quality is stalling economic growth and exacerbating poverty in many countries'. It means that, if the biological oxygen demand, the pointer used for measurement of organic pollution in water, surpasses the threshold, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth of the constituencies surrounded by the allied water basins will decrease by a third. The consequences of water pollution or poor water quality are:

● Destruction of biodiversity: Pollution of water reduces aquatic ecosystems and initiates unrestrained increase of phytoplankton in water resources.Food chain contamination: Fishing carried out in polluted water resources and utilization of waste water for agriculture and livestock husbandry may lead to addition of toxins or contaminants into foods that are injurious to the health after consumption.

● Scarcity of drinkable water: If pollution of water increases or quality of drinking water is not maintained, then there will be no clean water for drinking or public health or sanitization, in rural as well as urban areas.

● Disease: According to WHO (World Health Organization) information, roughly 2 billion people across the world do not have any option for pure water resources, but they have to drink water polluted by excrement, which exposes them to many ailments.

● Infant mortality: As per WHO, diarrhoeal diseases associated with lacking of hygiene results in death of nearly 1,000 children per day across the world.

Water quality monitoring is demarcated as the assortment of data at set or desired places and at periodic intervals for providing information that might be accustomed to describe present conditions of water. The objectives of smart water quality monitoring system are:

1. To measure perilous quality metrics like physical, chemical and microbial properties.
2. To find the deviations in measured metrics and give timely warning in recognition threats or hazards.
3. To provide real-time analysis of the sensor data and recommend appropriate corrective measures.

The requisite for involvement of the user for sustaining the quality of water and beholding at additional aspects like hygiene, environment sanitation, disposal and storage are crucial components in maintaining the quality of water bodies.

1. Related Works

Sathish Pasika and Sai Teja Gandla [1] proposed a monitoring system which consists of a number of sensors used to measure several quality parameters like turbidity, pH value, water level in the tank, dampness of the adjoining environment and temperature of the water. The sensors are interfaced with the Microcontroller Unit (MCU) and additional processing is executed by the Personal Computer (PC). The acquired data will be directed to the cloud by means of Internet of Things (IoT) based ThinkSpeak application for monitoring the quality of the water under test. As a future directive, work should be extended for analyzing some other parameters such as nitrates, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen in the water and free residual chlorine.

Monira Mukta et al [2] developed an IoT based Smart Water Qualit

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