《红楼梦》中人性的二元性The Duality of Human Nature Embodied inA Dream of Red Mansions开题报告

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

Caoxueqin is a well-known writer of the 18th century in China, who became famous for his novel A Dream of Red Mansions. After the publication, he gained a considerable reputation. Since then, his book has been translated into several languages and has been read all over the world.A Dream of Red Mansions, with captions for each chapter, also known as The Story of The Stone, is regarded as the first of the four great classical novels in China. It is generally believed to have been written by CaoXueqin in the Qing dynasty. Asthe background of Jia, Shi,Wang,Xue four family抯 rise and fall, the novel depicts the truth, goodness, beauty and ugliness of the life of a group of well-behaved and sensible, shows the humanity beauty and the tragic beauty. Definitely, it can be said to be an epic work which shows female beauty from different angles and the scene of the ancient Chinese society.A燚ream爋f燫ed燤ansions is a human fiction with worldwide influence, an encyclopedia of Chinese feudal society and a collector of traditional culture. The novel is encouraged by"the爂eneral爌urpose爐alks燼bout爐he爏ituation,爐he爁act爎ecords爄ts爉atter". The special style 搕he truth is hidden, and the false language is spoken in the village攈as made the readers of later generations more imaginative. Meanwhile, the speculations have been made for a long time. Since the 20th century, because of the extraordinary artistic achievements and profound thoughts of A Dream of Red Mansions, the academic community has produced a special study- Redology.A Dream of Red Mansions is admired by numerous people for its unique charm, especially the vivid characters. Many writers and scholars have made professional studies on this novel since its publication. They made appreciation and analysis of this novel from diverse aspects. Wang(2010) analyzes the human nature of loneliness, self-destruction, paradox in A Dream of Red Mansions. He believes that special era creates special human nature, and that these three aspects are inescapable for the whole human being. CaoXueqin lived in an era when great changes were about to take place. People were disgusted and abhorrent with the old era, and it was impossible for them to have mature views stable spiritual belief on the ideal world. As a result, they exhibited lonely, self-destructive and paradoxical human characteristics. CaoXueqin has a profound and complicated experience of life, and has a deep thinking on 揷ommon sense of things? In A Dream of Red Mansions, he deeply grasped and analyzed the human nature of the times. He made an in-depth analysis of the evil side of human nature. 揌uman nature involves three states: true feelings, affectation and heartlessness.?Zhang, 2002) Figures in A Dream of Red Mansions fall into these three categories. Among them, Daiyu belongs to the first group, Pao-chai and Baoyu to the second, and Jia Zhen and Jia Lian are the third. Among the three types, the true feelings embodies the writer抯 ideal but fragile existence. The heartless shows the writer抯 negation and criticism of society to a supreme degree. The affection which interpose between the above two displays the writer抯 sufferings and misery, his bitterness, inability but still a pursuit in life. This article attempts to find out the essence of human nature in the world of A Dream of Red Mansions. Dong(2005) contends that A Dream of Red Mansions focus on the theme of conflicts between love as human nature and the feudal ethics and moral concepts, eulogizing the emotion as well as praising human nature. He compares and contrasts the young generation抯 emotion superiority to reason and the old generation抯 reason superiority to emotion, illustrate the fact that human being抯 love develops in the struggle of emotion against reason, with the degeneration and the declination of China抯 feudal society, and future points out the progressive spirit of the time expressed in the work and the author抯 progressive ideas. The author analyzes the characters in A Dream of Red Mansions from the perspective of love,which is the monism of human nature. 揌uman feelings, human nature and humanity are the purpose of A Dream of Red Mansions.擠u(1989) He reveals the tragic fate of Pao-Chai, Qing Wen, Yuan Chun, Tan Chun and other characters by analyzing the navigate aspects of human nature. Research (Xu, Zhang, Zhang,2003) concludes that the analysis of human nature should be based on nature. A Dream of Red Mansions is actually a sincere call to nature and pure as well as beautiful humanity. They made an in-depth analysis of the angle side of human nature. Characters in literature play a very significant role, because people in literature are never absolute. We can see each character in A Dream of Red Mansions has many facets and complexities, among which there are many "middle part of human nature". (a state of dissociation between good and evil).The author leads ue to look at different forms of life-- noble, ignoble, wealthy, poor and so on. We should not only analyze the monism of human nature, but also insist on two sides and treat the characters in the novel critically. Everyone has different aspects that make up their own trait, but they still have a center of trait, so there appears lots of curves. Good and evil are all part of our humanity. The complex and diverse nature of society determines the richness of people's character. Therefore, everyone in A Dream of Red Mansions is not completely perfect. Sometimes a person will be sincere and hypocritical, good and evil at the same time. Jiang Xun's basic view on the A Dream of Red Mansions is that "A Dream of Red Mansions is a Buddhist Scripture, which is full of compassion." As we all know, there must be something hateful about the poor, and there must be something pitiable about the hateful as well. Like a mirror, Cao Xueqin was so objective that he just presented all kinds of people.

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

This paper aims at discussing the duality of human nature in A Dream of Red Mansions. Everyone in A Dream of Red Mansions is not completely perfect. Sometimes a person will be sincere and hypocritical, good and evil at the same time. So I will analyze the details in this paper. In order to have a perfect analysis of my essay, methods and procedures including some books,articles have been read before my starting my essay, which can be found in the library or on the Internet. During the process, I would take down significant notes which will be of help to quote as proofs of the thesis statement. This paper consists of four parts. The first chapter is a brief introduction of Caoxueqin, A Dream of Red Mansions and the theory. Some studies of this area will presented in the second chapter of the literature review. The third chapter will focus on analyzing the duality of human nature in A Dream of Red Mansions. The last chapter is conclusion.I will use two methods:Exemplification: To better demonstrate the duality of human nature, I will analyze it in details by listing several distinct characters.Literature research method: I will read relevant articles to get as much as information, so as to write the paper comprehensively and correctly.