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原文

Improving Safety of Transportation by Using

Intelligent Transport Systems

Lucia Januscaron;ovaacute; ^a，Silvia Čičmancovaacute; ^b

^a，^bUniversity of Zilina, 1. maacute;ja 32, 01001 Zilina, Slovakia

Article info：

2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Abstract

As the intelligent railway is the trend of current development, the paper aims to show an overview of some examples of intelligent systems and their functions that could help to protect transportation infrastructure. The paper deals with importance of critical transportation infrastructure and ways to protect it. Intelligent transportation systems are advanced tools to improve and support protection of critical infrastructure elements. The main purpose is to define intelligent transportation systems which could be used to protect elements of critical road and rail transportation infrastructure. Protection of critical transportation infrastructure is very complex issue. It is not difficult to identify a large number of critical infrastructure elements. The question is: “How to protect/ensure them?” A compromise between funding of protection and finding really critical elements is to be found. There are many systems that could be used to make infrastructure and whole transportation safer. A lot of projects are dealing with building new systems, architecture of management system that could help users to manage traffic.

Keywords: intelligent systems; transportation; railways; road; critical infrastructure; protection; security.

1. Introduction

In recent years the issue of critical infrastructure protection is very timely. Countries around the world pass laws and suggest appropriate ways to protect critical infrastructure. Considerable funds are spent for its determination,construction, development and protection.

Transportation is one of the sectors that significantly affect the socio-economic development and growth of living standards. Transportation infrastructure of each country is very vulnerable and if it is attacked, damaged or destructed, it may be unavailable for several years. In recent years, the world faces with disruption of transport infrastructure by natural disasters (flood, fire, and earth-quake), intentional attacks or accidents which are directly related to operation of transportation systems (road accidents, release of hazardous substances). The issue of improving the protection of critical infrastructures is still very significant. Experts are looking for new possibilities, ways and effective solutions to minimize the threat.

Intelligent transport systems can be applied in every transport mode (road, rail, air, water) and services can be used by both passenger and freight transport. Computers, electronics, satellites and sensors are playing an increasingly important role in our transport systems. The main innovation is the integration of existing technologies to create new services. Intelligent transport systems, such as traffic management software, security cameras, dynamic route guidance,etc. assist in protection of transportation systems and infrastructures against all kinds of threats.

2. Importance of critical transportation infrastructure and the need of its protection

The transportation system framework is highly complex, composed of wide range of infrastructures, such as terminal facilities, travel ways, transportation fleets, and information systems. Transportation had become one of the critical infrastructure sectors in most countries of the world. Transport is considered as one of the most important sector in critical infrastructure at national and international levels.

Specific position of transportation infrastructure results from requirements for transport. Transport should be open and accessible (high degree of user accessibility), extensive and ubiquitous (vast amounts of physical infrastructure and assets; most of infrastructure is unguarded and unattended; millions of vehicles and containers are distributed over the network), effective and adaptable.

Critical transportation infrastructure has great importance for the national economy, security and functioning of the state. It is essential for:

bull; national priority,

bull; providing basic services, their reliability and availability,

bull; ensuring trade flows,

bull; supports economic growth.

Transportation infrastructure has many critical spots that include elements, objects and nets, assets are widely distributed geographically. Transportation sector could be affected by security risks that can affect function of transport (Fig. 1).

2.1. Current state of critical infrastructure

The USA has had a wide-reaching Critical Infrastructure Protection Program in place since 1996. Since then critical infrastructure has started to be a popular term all around the world. After events in New York in 2001 a question about protecting important infrastructures in countries and regions has become very urgent. The USA and European Union have begun preparing documents and legislative norms about critical infrastructure identification and protection.

In the context of homeland security critical infrastructures are bdquo;those physical and information technology facilities, networks, services and assets which, if disrupted or destroyed, would have a serious impact on the health, safety, security or economic well-being of citizens or the effective functioning of governments“(Directive 2008/114/EC).

Transportation is widely viewed as one of the most significant and is accepted as a critical infrastructure sector in important documents of:

The USA: Homeland Security Presidential

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