极简主义风格在手机APP界面设计中的应用外文翻译资料

The features of minimalism in UI design.

Minimalism is not only an art form in UI design, but also a brand. The most obvious form is to reduce the visual space, simplify the elements in the design, and reduce the color. In the simplest and rational form, the higher artistic conception can elevate the art to the most essential spiritual level. It dispenses with individual emotional elements and unreal space, and combines simple mathematical rules.

1. Simplified form.

As the last one in the museum of modern art genre, minimalist art form of extreme simplification of pursuit, such as using the basic shapes, monochrome and pay attention to the objectivity of the primary colours, popular image, in the form of the complex through ascension concise, reach a kind of highly concentrated, summarized the abstract form. When the components and details of an object are compressed to the essence, its perfection has an intriguing feature. Before the minimalist style of post-modernism emphasize decorative, gameplay, when these characteristics has achieved perfection, often make people feel aesthetic fatigue, there will be another style to replace. Minimalism is to all forms of art back to origin, such as the page icon on the vision is to simplify the design object, abstract, remove the trival adornment materialized design of texture (such as drafting, bumps, shadows and highlights, etc.), the use of bright colors, pay attention to the objectivity, dont make a characteristic, modern, clean all interface elements. The minimalist design USES simple geometric figures to achieve a kind of implicit and concise character.Minimalism can also prevent users from distracting themselves.

2. Clear function.

Minimalist art advocates simplified images with 'very few colors, very few images'; Besides the unnecessary things that interfere with the main body, it is to optimize the communication effect and effectively convey important information.Minimalist functional value is inevitable in the development of information society, in the information explosion today, a large amount of tedious tedious information is around us, we will choose effective or valuable information.Minimalist design style shows the characteristics of concise and lively, function clear, on the vision more pure and fresh, it is to satisfy the demand of consumers, it USES the image of the modelling of the simplest and purest, maximum zoom in the functionality of the design. The choice of font and font size is also strengthen its functional aspect, for example in the UI design, layout of the area is certain, if use flat ICONS, inevitably some icon can not be quickly identified by everyone, most will add words in the end, the text is adornment sex is extremely strong, if choose in long time use will inevitably produce aesthetic fatigue and disgust, will reduce the reading and usage. So most software will choose simple, undecorated fonts that can be read comfortably in a large amount of information.

3.Pay attention to the objectivity and integrity of design.

Minimalism pursues objective and calm performance, and the audience can communicate directly with the works. Despite the important features of abstract expressionism is the expression of individuality, but the minimalist art pursuit is not only an abstract, but a valid message, it has inherited in some way to physical and chemical characteristics, but its simplicity also leaves the viewer to the imagination, to give each viewer leave a different feeling, pure objective performance and rich personal experience formed the sharp contrast, this is the reason that the minimalist existence. Wholeness is also one of the important features of UI design. The flat design eliminates the complicated elements and unnecessary decoration, and adopts the simple graphics and text. In this way, the whole interface can be harmonized, and the relationship and association between multiple elements can reflect the pure beauty of the whole interface.

The style of minimalism affects the development of UI design.

1. Minimalist style meets the requirements of high efficiency, general knowledge and simple interface.

The painting and design of minimalism emphasize the non-associative composition, which is to focus on wholeness and discard all the details that do not affect the main idea of the work. In the form of minimalism, there is no primary or secondary component between the elements in the form of the uncorrelated composition, but the connection between the elements is cancelled. In recent years, with the rapid development of Internet, information transmission speed and scale of the reached the unprecedented level, the mobile terminal in addition to passing information, gesture recognition, speech recognition, expression recognition, all kinds of information and function cross appear in our field of vision, to make our cost when browsing, find and use a certain energy, if the interface again overmuch adornment, can cause visual fatigue. UI design of 'visual thinking' can give the customer a variety of visual guiding tasks, such as the ICONS in the interface is in itself a scatter of visual process, make visual attention diversification, let us simplify complex visual graphic language, and then by users themselves visual guide to deal with the good interactive tasks, greatly reduce thinking time. From the perspective of information transmission, what users call 'seeing' and 'seeing' is actually a very complicated process of reasoning and selection and decision making. In our screen, minimalist style to keep the consistency of the graphic look flat design of a single icon or design of interface and quasi materialized alike, identification and integrity and to achieve harmony, can let the multichannel interface system, multimedia natural, efficient and intelligent.

2. Minimalism is more responsive to responsive interfaces.

With the rapid development

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一、极简主义风格在UI设计中的表现特征

极简主义在UI设计中不仅是一种艺术表现形式，还可能形成一种品牌。最明显的形式是消弱视觉空间，简化设计中的元素，减少色彩。用最简单、理性的形式达到较高艺术观念，能够将艺术提升到最本质的精神层面。它摒弃了个人情感要素和虚幻的空间，用简单的数学规律进行组合排版。

1.形式的简化

作为现代艺术中的最后一个流派，极简主义艺术追求形式的极端简化，如使用基本形状、原色中的单色且讲究客观性，将复杂形态的通俗表象，经过提升凝练，达到一种高度浓缩、概括的抽象形态。当物体的组成部分和细节被压缩至精华时，它的完美就具有了耐人寻味的特性。在极简主义之前的后现代主义风格强调装饰性、游戏性，当这些特点达到一定极致的时候，往往使人们感到审美疲劳，会有另一种风格来替代。极简主义就是将一切艺术形式恢复到了本原，例如网页中的图标在视觉上就是把设计对象进行简化、抽象，去掉了繁琐的装饰( 例如拟物化设计所推崇的纹理、突起、阴影、高光等) ，使用鲜艳明亮的色彩，注重客观性，不刻意表现某种特点，现代感十足，所有界面的元素干净利落。极简主义设计通过对造型元素凝练，使用简单的几何图形，达到一种含蓄和凝练的特点。极简主义风格还可以避免用户分散注意力。

2.功能的明确

极简主义艺术主张用“极少的色彩，极少的形象”简化画面; 除去干扰主体的不必要的东西，其实就是优化传播效果、有效传达重要信息。 极简主义的功能性得以重视是信息社会发展的必然，在信息爆炸的今天，大量冗杂繁琐的信息充斥在我们的周围，我们必然会选择那些有效或有价值的信息。极简主义设计风格表现了简洁明快、功能明确的特征，视觉上更加清新，这也恰恰满足了消费者的需求，它以最简单的造型和最纯洁的形象，最大程度地放大设计的功能性。字体和字号的选择也是强化其功能性的一个方面，例如在UI设计中，版面的面积是一定的，如果都使用扁平化的图标，必然有些图标不能很快被大家所识别，大多数会在下方加上文字，如果选用的文字是装饰性极强的，在长时间的使用中必然会产生审美疲劳和反感，会降低阅读和使用率。所以大多数的软件会选择简洁无装饰的字体，它可以在信息量巨大的情况下也可以使用户能够舒适地阅读。

3.注重设计的客观性、整体性

极简主义追求的是客观的、冷静的表现，受众可以直接与作品沟通。尽管抽象表现主义的重要特征是个性的表达，但极简主义艺术追求的不仅是抽象，而是传递有效的信息，它在某方面继承了拟物化的特点，但其简洁性也给观者留下想象的空间，给每个观者留下不同的感受，单纯客观的表现和丰富的个人感受形成了强烈对比，这也是极简主义存在的理由。整体性也是UI设计的重要特征之一，扁平化的设计摒弃了繁杂的元素和多余的装饰，采用了简洁的图形和文字。这种方式可以使整个界面达到和谐一致，通过多个元素之间的关系和关联才能体现出整个界面的纯粹之美。

二、极简主义的风格影响着 UI 设计的发展

1.极简主义风格满足高效、通识与简洁的界面要求

极简主义的绘画与设计强调非关联构图，也就是注重整体性，摒弃一切不影响作品主要思想的细节。在极简主义这种非关联构图的形式中各设计的元素之间没有主次之分，只是从属于整体，不同元素之间的联系被取消了。近几年，随着互联网的高速发展，信息传递的速度和规模达到了空前的水平，移动终端除了传递信息外，手势识别、语音识别、表情识别，各种信息与功能交叉出现在我们的视野中，使我们在浏览、查找和使用时花费一定的精力，如果界面上再出现过多的装饰，会造成一定的视觉疲劳。UI设计当中的“视觉思维”可以给客户各种视觉引导任务，例如界面中的图标本身就是散点视觉流程的呈现，使得视觉注意力多元化，让我们简化复杂的视觉图形语言，再通过用户本身的视觉引导来处理好交互任务，极大地减少思考时间。从信息传递的角度看，用户所谓的“看见”和“看到”其实是一个非常复杂的推理和选择、决策的过程。在我们的屏幕上，极简主义的风格尽量保持图形外观的一致性，扁平化设计的单个图标或界面与拟物化设计有点相像，识别性和整体性又能够达到和谐，能够让界面系统实现多通道、多媒体的自然、高效、智能化。

2.极简主义风格更能够适应响应式的界面

随着经济的快速发展和智能手机的大面积普及，很多企业在做网站或 APP 时都会考虑将多种设备接入到网站，各种型号尺寸的设备例如平板电脑、手机以及电脑屏幕的大小都不一样，设计师在设计网站或者APP 时要考虑到不同设备的消费者，如果应用到过多的阴影、纹理等装饰，针对不同的设备效果有很大差异，但极简主义的风格使得响应式的界面更加高效，没有过多装饰、收缩自如，网站使用的图像也会少很多，只保留必要的文字和图片等元素，加载也会很快。从2013年6月份开始，优酷网的改版使用了极简主义的设计风格，把手机、平板电脑以及PC屏之间的风格交互统一。以前要专门为手机用户做平台来解决移动终端屏幕适配的问题，现在网页中的布局结构可以随着屏幕尺寸的变化而进行大小删减或变化其大小，这样可满足各个尺寸的终端，使响应式界面充分得到应用。

3.极简主义设计迎合了现代生活的需求

现代社会的快节奏、高频率、满负荷，使人们长期处于一种紧张的状态，大量的信息会使人们产生精神疲惫，如果我们正常浏览的界面加上过多的装饰更会造成审美疲劳。从最早的只有台式电脑来浏览有限的几个大型网站，到今天不同的平台、应用程序和设备影响着我们生活的各个方面，人们对于简单、自然、安宁的生活充满了渴望。在这种互补的意识支配下，极简主义风格的设计语言的简洁化、表现形式的单纯化更能满足现代人们的内心需求。无论是文化还是生活，设计师都要顺应这种时代的变革，生活与现实要求设计师运用适合当下的艺术语言。而极简主义正是以其肃穆、安静的面貌出现于当今艺术领域，满足了渴望简约与自然的当今社会以及艺术领域的需求。正像安东尼·德·圣—埃克苏佩里曾说过，“完美就是多一点则太多，少一点则太少。”极简主义满足了人们对这种完美的需求。

三、极简设计的未来

我们都没有水晶球，无法预知 UI 设计的未来是什么，极简主义的风格将持续多久，最终又会被什么样的风格所取代。Facebook 更换了图标，Google 也采用了更为简洁的标志，都是从立体特效转为扁平化再到直接平面化，字体由传统的衬线体到去衬线化，都是在一个时代的大背景下结合不同强势载体的全新调整和融合。也许极简主义的风格的简约、纯粹、还原商品本质的设计更能贴近人们的内心，更能彰显静谧、洗练而优雅的品位，让人感悟出简朴、诚实的设计精神。但是当前 UI 设计中的极简主义风格确实存在一些缺点，例如只强调删繁就简、去除浮华，点击过的按钮无法辨识，为了简洁会删除必要的信息等。随着设计师们的实验和探索，最终这些问题会被很好地解决。谷歌微博已经做了很好的尝试，他们采用了扁平化的风格，巧妙地保留了阴影和运用纹理等设计手法，结合了扁平化和复合设计的优势，能够给用户带来更加简洁、高效、舒适的使用感受。其实，极简风格的设计得到快速发展，它只是印刷出版美学在当今数字世界的一次重现。

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