简易声控防盗报警系统的研制外文翻译资料

Development of a Simple Sound Activated Burglar Alarm System

Mahmud Shehu AHMED, Abubakar Sadiq MOHAMMED,

Genesis Abah AGBO

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Federal University Technology,

P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria

Abstract：The paper presents the design, construction and testing of a simple sound activated burglar alarm. The principle of operation of this burglar alarm is simple. When the intensity of sound exceeds certain intensity, the alarm is triggered and the siren begins to operate. The speaker beeps and the flasher (light) flashes. These actions thus alert the owner of the residence and/or security personnel of the presence of an intruder.

Keywords：Alarm system, Sound, Design

Introduction

Burglar alarms systems are increasingly being used in private homes, offices, stores and other businesses. They have become standard equipments especially in stores, warehouses etc. The system is also suitable for use in jewelry stores, artifacts in museums and for safe guarding drawings, paintings and sculpture in art galleries and also to detect unauthorized access.

Alarms as the name implies are used to alert in the event of any situation that is a threat. There are several kinds of alarms [10]. Some of them include fire alarms, burglar alarms, indicator alarms, heat and smoke detectors, etc.

The approach used in this work is the modular approach where the overall design was first broken into functional block diagrams, where each block represents a section of the circuit that carries out a specific function. The functional block diagram of Figure 1 also shows the interconnection between these blocks. Each section of the block is analyzed below.

Analysis and Design

A 600Omega; unidirectional moving coil microphone was used. The moving coil microphone can be used with considerable lengths of cable without the need for amplifiers close to the microphone mouthpiece [3, 4].

The amplifier stage was built around an LM386 CMOS operational amplifier [2, 6]. The circuit arrangement is such that it can amplify an input signal up to 200 times its original value. Figure 2 shows the circuit diagram to illustrate the circuit.

The basic function of the amplifier stage is to amplify the input signal from the microphone to up to 200 times its original value and pass it on to the latch section of the burglar alarm circuit for further processing. The latch stage basically built around the CD4013B CMOS dual D-type flip-flop [1, 7]. The CD4013B dual D-type flip-flop is a monolithic complementary MOS (CMOS) integrated circuit constructed with N- and P-channel enhancement mode transistors. Each flip-flop has independent data, set, reset, and clock input sand “Q” and “Q” outputs. These devices can be used for shift register applications, and by connecting “Q” output to the data input, for counter and toggle applications. The logic level present at the “D” input is transferred to the output during the positive-going transition of the clock pulse. Setting or resetting is independent of the clock and is accomplished by a high level on the set or reset line respectively.

Only one of the flip-flops was used in the design connections. Flip-flops are basically memory circuits. They have the ability to remember previous occurrence [3, 5 and 8]. Once triggered and a LOW signal is applied at both the RESET and SET inputs, the flip-flop maintains the previous state of the output until the set input goes high. The reset button would be connected to pin 6 if flip-flop 1 is used and to pin 8 if flip-flop 2 is to be used.

Once a sound that exceeds certain intensity, it is picked by the microphone, amplified and sent to the latch, the latch keeps the alarm still ringing until the reset button is pressed.

The oscillator design was built around the CD4060B CMOS integrated circuit [9]. The CD4060B is a 14 stage ripple carry binary counter. The counters are advanced one count on the negative transition of each clock pulse. The counters are reset to the zero state by a logical “1” at the reset input independent of clock.

For the oscillator design, typically the following were implemented:

1. R₂ = 2R₁ to 10R₁

2. RC Oscillator applications are not recommended at supply voltages below 7.0V for R₁ lt; 50 kΩ.

3. f = 1/(2.2R₁C₁)

The values used in the design were R1= 100 kOmega;, R2 = 330 kOmega;

The output stage basically consists of the speaker circuit and its transistor driver and the flasher circuits. The siren circuit was designed using an 8Omega;, 3W speaker driven by a 2SD400 transistor, while the flasher circuit was driven by a 2SC945 transistor via a 4.7kOmega; limiter resistor connected to its base. Two different frequency outputs from the CD4060B were connected to the speaker and flasher respectively. Once the alarm is triggered the speaker beeps and the LED flashes until the reset button is pressed. The over all circuit arrangement for the design showing all connections and components used is shown in figure 4. Discussion on power supply to the circuit is omitted.

Construction and Testing

The sound activated burglar alarm circuit was constructed in accordance with the circuit designed as illustrated Figure 4. The design was simulated on electronics work bench [11]. The testing followed the modular pattern used in the design with each functional block being tested as described as follows.

The amplifier stage was tested for the output voltage level, using the millimeters. It was connected to a speaker via a 47F capacitor to a speaker.

The entire circuit was tested for short circuit and open circuit faults that could result into problems. The followin

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简易声控防盗报警系统的研制

Mahmud Shehu AHMED, Abubakar Sadiq MOHAMMED, Genesis Abah AGBO

联邦大学技术系电气与计算机工程系，P.M.B. 65，Minna，尼日利亚

摘要：本文介绍了一种简单的声音激活防盗报警器的设计，构造和测试结果。这种防盗报警器的操作原理其实很简单。当声音强度超过一定强度时，报警器被触发，报警模块开始运行，扬声器发出哔哔声，闪光灯一直在闪烁。因此，这些外在表现可以告知住所或者物品的所有者是否存在入侵者。

关键词：报警系统，声音，设计

介绍

防盗报警系统越来越多地在私人住宅，办公室，商店和其他业务中被使用。 它们已经成为商店，仓库等的标准设备。该系统还适用于珠宝店，博物馆的文物和安全防止图画被盗，艺术画廊的绘画和雕塑，还可以检测到未经授权的访问。

这种名称的警报意味着可以用于在发生任何威胁的情况下进行警报。 有几种报警类型， 其中一些包括火灾报警器，防盗报警器，指示器报警器，热和烟雾探测器等。

这项设计中使用的方法是模块化方法，其中总体设计首先分为功能框图，其中每个模块表示执行特定功能的电路的一部分。 图1的功能框图还显示了这些块之间的联系关系。 下面的是分析模块的每个部分。

图1.声音激活防盗报警框图

分析和设计

使用600Omega;单向运动线圈麦克风。 移动线圈麦克风可以使用相当长的电缆来进行连接，而不需要靠近麦克风接口的放大器。

放大器级是围绕LM386 CMOS运算放大器构建的。 电路布置使得它可以将输入信号放大到其原始值的200倍。 图2的电路图说明了电路的具体构造。

放大器级的基本功能是将麦克风的输入信号放大到原始值的200倍，并将其传送到防盗报警电路的锁存部分进行进一步处理。锁存级基本上围绕着CD4013B CMOS双D型触发器来工作。 CD4013B双D型触发器是由N和P沟道增强型晶体管构成的单片互补MOS（CMOS）集成电路。每个触发器具有独立的数据、设置、复位和时钟输入“Q”和“Q”输出。 这些器件可用于移位寄存器应用，并通过将“Q”输出连接到数据输入，用于计数器和切换应用。存在于“D”输入端的逻辑电平在时钟脉冲的正向转换期间被传送到输出端。而且 设置或复位与时钟无关，分别由设置或复位线上的高电平来实现。

图2.具有增益的LM386低信号放大器的电路设计= 200

在设计连接中只使用了一个触发器。 触发器基本上是存储器电路。他们有能力记住以前的发生情况以及数据。一旦触发并且在RESET和SET输入都施加了低电平信号，则触发器保持输出的先前状态，直到设定的输入变为高电平，这个状态才会改变。如果使用触发器1，则复位按钮将连接到引脚6，如果使用触发器2，则将其连接到引脚8。

一旦超过一定强度的声音，它被麦克风获取了，放大并发送到锁存器，锁存保持警报仍然响起，直到复位按钮被按下。振荡器设计围绕着CD4060B CMOS集成电路来准备的。 CD4060B是一个14级纹波进位二进制计数器。 每个时钟脉冲的负转变的计数器是一个计数。计数器在独立于时钟的复位输入端通过逻辑“1”复位为零状态。

图3. CD4060B集成电路的振荡器连接

对于振荡器设计，通常执行以下操作：

1. R2 = 2R1〜10R1
2. R1 lt;50kOmega;的电源电压低于7.0V时，不建议使用RC振荡器。
3. f = 1 /（2.2R1C1）

设计中使用的零件值为R1 = 100kOmega;，R2 = 330kOmega;

输出级基本上由扬声器电路及其晶体管驱动器和闪光器电路组成。警报电路是使用由2SD400晶体管驱动的8Omega;3W扬声器设计组成的，而闪光电路由2SC945晶体管通过连接到其基极的4.7kOmega;限幅电阻来驱动。来自CD4060B的两个不同的频率输出分别连接到扬声器和闪光灯。 一旦报警被触发，扬声器发出哔哔声，LED指示灯闪烁，直到按下复位按钮。所有设计的电路布局如图4所示。图4中省略了对电路供电的讨论。

图4.声音激活防盗报警电路

完成和测试

声音激活防盗报警电路按照图4所示的电路进行构造。电子工作台上设计了仿真设计实物来演示。按照设计中使用的模块化模式进行测试，每个功能块的测试如下所述。

使用毫米测试放大器级的输出电压电平。 它通过一个47mu;F电容连接到扬声器使得扬声器正常工作。

整个电路经过测试可能导致的问题有短路问题和开路故障。通过模拟，这里获得了触发报警的距离和声强的测试结果，以下为结果数据的汇总。当麦克风也被点击时，整个系统就会触发报警，发出声响。

表1.不同声音强度的报警测试

活动	最大距离（cm）
点击手指	50
拍手	150
打破玻璃	200
金属的叮当声	223

结果

一个简单的声音激活防盗报警系统已经设计、构造和测试完成。适用于室内安全，特别是在小房间，博物馆，珠宝店和美术馆的文物。 因此，这种防盗报警器非常适合用于安全防护贵重物品的。

建议

像其他工作一样，这项工作并非没有限制，可以进行改进的工作。在此基础上提出了以下改进建议。

（1）为了提高报警传感器（麦克风）的便携性，建议将麦克风与电路的其余部分分开，并分别连接麦克风和报警电路的其余部分的基于无线电的发射器和接收器电路。麦克风可以在需要保护的区域连接，而其余的报警电路可以连接到安全室，以提醒安全人员。电路内使用的所有外部电线和电缆应隐藏在建筑物内，不要外露在视野中。

（2）为了在更实际的情况下进行更广泛的覆盖，建议将多通道放大器和异或门与多个位于建筑物内的战略位置的麦克风结合使用。此外，还建议用于此目的应该使用具有更高灵敏度的全向麦克风，这样会使得报警的效果更好。

（3）可以使用多个连接到多个扬声器的多通道放大器来混淆防盗器的声音来自哪里。

（4）电话拨号器的连接，为了使得拨号更安全，并与入室盗窃现场的地址链接预编程的消息也可以合并，以便提高效率。可以使用检测运动和声音的传感器来提高防盗报警器的灵敏度和整体效能。

最后，建议这一规定的安全报警系统可以应用在包括对每一个房子，工业用地、办公和商店的电力服务的设计上。

参考文献

[1] Horowitz P., The art of electronics, 2nd Ed., University Press, Cambridge-Great Britain, pp. 28-34, pp. 46-58, 1995.

[2] Tokhiem R. L., Digital Electronics: Principles and applications, 5th Ed., The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., USA, pp. 155-203, 1999.

[3] Jones L., Basic Electronics for tomorrowrsquo;s world, Low price Ed., University Press, Cambridge-Great Britain, pp. 55-87, pp. 102-122, 1996.

[4] Talbot-Smith M., Audio explained, Reed Educational and professional publishing Ltd, pp. 1-68, 1997.

[5] Schuler C. A., Electronics: Principles and applications, 5th Ed., The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. USA, pp. 55-82, 1999.

[6] National Semiconductor Company, “Datasheet on LM386 low signal audio amplifier”, Available at: http://www.national.com, 2000.

[7] Fair Child Semiconductor Company, “Datasheet on CD4013B Dual D-Type Flip-flop”, revised Ed., Available at: http://www.fairchildsemi.com, 2002.

[8] Warnes L., Electronics and Electrical Engineering: principles and practice, 2nd Ed., Macmillan Press Ltd. London, pp. 136-157, 1998.

[9] Fair Child Semiconductor Company, “Datasheet on CD4060B 14 stage ripple carry binary counter”, revised Ed., Available at: http://www.fairchildsemi.com, 2004.

[10] “How Burglar Alarms work”, Available at: http://www.howstuffworks.com, 2005.

[11] Electronics Workbench Software, Version 5.12, 2005.

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