Research on the Current Situation and Promotion Measures of Sino-Russian Trade开题报告

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

文 献 综 述Trade and economic relations between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China represent the relations of the two countries over the past 400 years. The present stage of Sino-Russian trade and economics consists of the interaction that is characterized by a wide range of strategic cooperation, including intensive contacts and cooperation in the international area, such as joint participation in international and regional organizations (Shanghai Cooperation organization, BRICS) and others. The current status and orientation of Sino Russian relations is China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for a new era.The relevance of the thesis is determined by the growing interest at dynamics and prospects of the development of trade and economic cooperation of the Peoples Republic of China and the Russian Federation. The research on the development and current situation of Sino Russian trade is summarized as follows.Research backgroundPrevious researches are as follows:Joseph Nye (2015) argued that in 1992, the two countries declared that they were pursuing a "constructive partnership"; in 1996, they progressed toward a "strategic partnership"; and in 2001, they signed a treaty of "friendship and cooperation". [11]Li Hui (2019) argued that in May 2015, the leaders of China and Russia signed a joint statement on cooperation in linking the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the EAEU, which can be called the beginning of the conjunction of the One Belt and One Way projects with the EAEU. In May 2018, an agreement on trade and economic cooperation was signed between the EAEU and China. For more than three years, the first results in this area have been achieved. Good success has been achieved with Russia, collaborating on major projects in the field of energy, transport, aviation and astronautics. [23]Sladkovskii (1966) depicted that the history of economic relations between Russia and China, stating the conclusion that the development ties between the Soviet Union (or Russia) and China are the logical outcome of a long-developing friendship between them. [17], [31]Petrovsky (2015) highlighted that the depth of their economic cooperation was extremely low and there was an imbalance existing in the trade relation. Russia has a low proportion in Chinas foreign trade turnover and, at the same time, Russian exports are mainly natural resources. The authors then made several suggestions in boosting cross-border and interregional trade. [24] Li (2019) argued that Russia has unique strength in technological innovation and has achieved significant innovations in many fields of science and technology. China and Russia have unique economic potential and have rich experience in cooperation in many fields. Strengthening collaboration, promoting mutual investment, actively implementing promising innovation projects, expanding direct links between the scientific, business and financial communities of the two countries is particularly important today. [23]Li Hui (2019) argued that For seven years, the One Belt and One Road Initiative has been implemented on the principles of joint consultation, joint construction, fruit sharing, and during that time it created the path of common prosperity and development. She gave a new impetus to the development of the global economy. The One Belt and One Road Initiative covers an increasing number of countries. Currently, 124 countries and 29 international organizations have signed cooperation agreements in joint implementation of the initiative with China. [23]Yang and Wang (2005) used trade indicators to discuss the trade complementarity between China and Russia. By studying a series of indicators and trade models, such as revealed comparative advantage index, they found the trade between China and Russia had a strong complementarity and a tremendous promote in their economic tie could be expected. [1]Maxim Oreshkin (2019) argued that Russia and China are now developing large projects in the energy sector, which will increase the volume of supplies in physical terms, but it is clear that other industries and other areas should make the main contribution. For example, in agriculture, this is an increase in Russian exports of soy and grain. However, increasing exports will require the implementation of very large investment projects in agriculture, primarily in the Far East, as well as solving other, equally important problems: logistics, technology, seeds, etc. [30]Kang, Wu, and Ning (2015) used revealed comparative advantage index, trade complementarity index, and trade intensity index to analyze the trade complementarity between the two countries and discussed whether there was a huge potential in the development of their trade. A gravity model was built, and results show that the economic ties between China and Russia are close and can be taken one step further. [1]Zhang (2019) applied theories of international trade to analyze the commodity structure of the trade between China and Russia, in order to forecast its future development. The author also advised the intra-industry trade should be developed, as the two countries have the relative strong foundation in manufacturing industry, and the household consumption in both countries is with a similar structure. [6]Sidorenko (2013) analyzed that bilateral trade relations and investment between Russia and China and drew a conclusion that the sectorial structure of the Sino-Russian trade situation was much more favorable for China than for Russia. The paper also paid a close attention the cooperation in energy and arms trade between China and Russia, stating not only the achievement but also obstacles in the development of trading in these area. [26]Maxim Oreshkin (2019) argued that Now we are discussing with China an increase in the number of regions from which Russian products can be delivered. But agriculture is not only grain. Now we are already actively building up cooperation in the field of poultry, beef and pork. [30]Putin (2016) argued that colossal potential for business co-operation a chance to catch the Chinese wind in the sails of our economy. [2]Luzyanin (2015) had an expert monitoring on the trend of the Sino-Russian global and regional cooperation as well as trade and economic cooperation, before they reached a conclusion that current international, regional, and bilateral events had the impact on the partnership, and the key point of Sino-Russian relations should be a long-term and comprehensive collaboration with mutually benefit. [25]Putin (2016) praised that the development of the Russian-Chinese strategic partnership when he said: The two states are building up political dialogue, mutually beneficial cooperation in trade, economic, scientific, technical, humanitarian and other fields, as well as coordinating efforts to solve pressing regional and global problems". [2]Pan and Yang (2006) discussed that restriction factors of the economic and trade relation development, and drew a conclusion that the positive impetus from governments would become the key to accelerate the bilateral economic relation. [1]Alexander Sharyshev (2016) argued that the partnership between Russia and China, two global powers, is a promising alliance which shares the same interests, and is able to withstand global threats and shape the existing world order. This is the main reason to maintain and develop Sino-Russian relations further. [21]Li and Liu (2004) built time-series models in estimating the future development of trade relations between the two countries. Many studies also prove that there is a huge potential in developing Sino-Russian trade relations. [1]References[1] Zhuxin Mao (2016). Analysis of the Sino-Russian Trade: Economic Relations under a Framework of a Strategic Partnership. Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs. University college London. Pages 5-13.[2] Peoples Daily (2016) Putins visit to China, Review of Bilateral Relations. http://en.people.cn/200007/18/sino-russia.html.[3] Kira Yuhitecko (2018) Trade relation between Russia and China https://fortrader.org.[4] Tass News (14 January 2019) Trade turnover between Russia and China exceeded $ 110 billion in 2019 https://tass.ru/.[5] Smyslov Dmitry Vasilievich (2019 year) Doctor of Economics, Professor. Globalization of the world economy: modern tendencies World Economy and International RelationsPages 5-12.[6] Zhang He (2019). Russian-Chinese foreign trade: results, problems and prospects for development https://ecojournals.com.[7] World analytics (January-September 2019). Trade Representation of the Russian Federation in the People's Republic of China Analytical information and statistics.[8] Liang Hong (2002). Russian Politics in the Asia-Pacific Region: Case Study of the Organization of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Ph.D. in Political Science Russian University.[9] Mingaleva, J.A. (2016) Overview of Russian-Chinese trading and investment opportunities in some industries. Moscow School of Management Skolkovo, 288 page.[10] Foreign Trade of Russia and China http://www.russchinatrade.ru/.[11] Joseph Nye (2015) A New Sino-Russian Alliance / project Syndicate.[12] World Trade Organization official website Russian Federation and the WTO. www.wto.org/english/thewte_e/countries_e/russia_e.htm.[13] World Trade Organization official websiteChina and the WTO https://www.wto.org/English/thewto_e/countries_e/china_e.htm.[14] Kuzyk, Titarenko (2010) China-Russia 2050-strategy Audit and financial analysis Pages 1-3.[15] Ria News (2020, 14 January) Commodity circulation between Russia and China in 2019 increased by 3.4% World News. Beijing-Moscow https://ria.ru/.[16] Vladislav Ivanov, Vladimir Cegoev. (11 February 2020) Teamwork: due to what the trade turnover of Russia and China is growing https://russian.rt.com/.[17] Sladkovski (1966) China-Basic problems of history, economics and ideology Page 225.[18] Business Idea news (04.07.2019) Export and import of Russia and China https://tlc80.ru/idei/eksport-i-import-rossii-i-kitaya-v-2019-godu.html/.[19] Belyaev Aleksandr (30.05.2019) Association of the development of foreign economic activity http://np-srv.ru/.[20] Yuan Jiang (23 January 2020) Russias Strategy in Central Asia Queensland University of Technology http://www.parahat.info/news/.[21] Alexander Sharyshev (2016) Strategic partnership between Russia and china: importance and sustainability of bilateral relations pages 152-154.[22] Russian economists jounalists (2019) Russian economy https://www.economist.com/topics/russian-economy.[23] Ren Qi (2019) China, Russia relationship solid, mutually supportive. President Putin presents the Order to Chinese Ambassador Li Hui. ChinaDaily.com.cn.[24] Petrovsky (2015) Russia, China and Eurasian partnership Social and Economic Geography.[25] Luzyanin (2015) Russia and China: Global and regional affairs measures and cooperation Political science works.[26] Sidorenko (2013) The Scope of Economic Cooperation between Russia and China and Future Prospects.[27] The Impact of Globalization on Economic Growth (January 2020 year) https://www.thebalance.com/globalization-and-its-impact-on-economic-growth.[28] INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND official website (October 2019). World Economic Outlook https://www.imf.org/external/index.htm.[29] Country economy scholars (2020 year) Country comparison China and Russia https://countryeconomy.com/countries/compare/china/russia/.[30] Maxim Oreshkin (2019) Russia and China article. Minister of Economic Development. https://www.comparativepolitics.org/.[31] Sladkovskii (2017) History of Economic Relations between Russia and China: From Modernization to Maoism.

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

研究的内容：Through the summary of the above literature, we can find that many scholars and experts have done a lot of research on the development of Sino Russian trade relations from different perspectives. However, it can be seen from the summary of these studies that most of the articles focused on analyzing the remarkable space benefiting from the close political and diplomatic relations between the two countries for the development of bilateral trade from the macro level, and there are few researches about the comparative advantages and industrial structure analysis of the two countries, especially during recent years, because Russia is subject to economic sanctions by the western countries headed by the United States, China is also facing the challenge of the United States with the threat of trade war, both China and Russia are attaching more importance to the development of bilateral trade than ever before. Therefore, under the new international political and economic background, under the guidance of "China Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for a new era", it will have considerable practical significance to analyze the current situation, development potential and promotion measures of the Sino-Russian trade based on comparative advantage and industrial structure analysis using the latest data during recent years. Besides, as a Kazakh student who is receiving higher education in a Chinese university and is fluent in Russian, the study of Sino Russian trade relations will have a relatively unique perspective.Layout of the thesisBased on the above analysis, the thesis will be analyzed in the following sequence. In Chapter 1 we will introduce the research focused on the history of Sino-Russian Trade. Chapter 2 will have an analysis of the current situation of Sino-Russian Trade. Chapter 3 will focus on the comparative advantages and industrial structure of China and Russia. In Chapter 4 we will examine the suggestions to promote the development of Sino-Russian Trade. 拟采用研究方法：The basis of the study was: the theory of international economic relations, concepts and scenarios of the development of good-neighborly, progressive relations in some countries. In the process of research, scientific methods of systemic, statistical and comparative analysis were used. I have studied the thematic literature about the development of trade and economic relations between China and Russia.Moreover, the comprehensive analysis of economic cooperation between 2012 and 2019 also has studied.The amounts of annual demand and trade between the two countries has explored.After the declaration of strategic partnership and good neighborliness, the factors and conditions for the transition to a new stage of interaction by Russia and China are outlined.