5000DWT沿海散货船结构设计与规范计算外文翻译资料

The introduction of ship design

The term basic design refers to determination of major ship characteristics affecting cost and performance. Thus, basic design includes the selection of ship dimensions, hull form, power (amount and type), preliminary arrangement of hull and machinery, and major structure. Proper selections assure the attainment of the mission requirements such as good sea keeping performance, maneuverability, the desire speed, endurance, cargo capacity, and deadweight. Furthermore, it includes checks and modifications for achievement of required cargo handing capability, quarters, hotel services, subdivision and stability standards,freeboard and tonnage measurement; all while considering the ship as part of a profitable transportation, industrial, or service system.

Basic design encompasses both concept design and preliminary design. It results in the determination of major shop characteristics, permitting the preparation of initial cost estimates. In the overall design process, basic design if followed by contact specifications suitable for shipyard bidding and contract award. Well prepared contract plans and specifications will be clear and in sufficient detail to avoid costly contingency items and protect bidders from obscure or inadequate description of the contract plans as required to prepare shop drawings used for the actual constructions of the vessel.

An understanding of the entire design sequence is essential to anyone seeking to develop a basic design, The four steps involved are illustrated in the Design spiral, Evans (1959) as an iterative process working from mission requirements to a detail design, Fig.l.l. These steps are amplified further below:

1. Concept design

The very first effort, concept design, translates the mission requirements into naval architectural and engineering characteristics. Essentially, it embodies technical feasibility studies to determine such fundamental elements of the proposed ship as all of which meet the required speed, range, cargo cubic. The selected concept design then is used as a talking paper for obtaining approximate construction costs, which often determine whether or not to initiate the next level of development, the Preliminary design.

b.Preliminary design

A shiprsquo;s preliminary design further refines the major ship characteristics affecting cost and performance. Certain controlling factors such as length,beam.

c.Contract design

The contract design stage yields a set of plans and specifications which form an integral part of the shipbuilding contract document. It encompasses one or more loops around the design spiral, thereby further refining the preliminary design. This stage delineates more precisely such features as hull form based on a faired set of lines, powering based on model testing, sea keeping and maneuvering characteristics, the effect of number of propellers on hull form, structural details, contract design features, is a weight of each major item in the ship. The final general arrangement is also developed during this stage. This fixes the overall volumes and areas of cargo, machinery, stores, fuel oil, fresh water, living and utility spaces cargo handling equipment, and machinery components.

d.Detail Design

The final stage of ship design is the development of detailed working plans. These plans are the installation and construction instruction to the metal workers, machinery vendors, pipe fitters, etc. As such, they are not considered to be a part of the basic design process. One unique element to consider in this stage of the design is that up to this point, each phase of the design is passed from one engineering group to another.

At this stage the interchange is from engineer to artisan, that is, the engineerrsquo;s product at this point is no longer to be interpreted, adjusted, or corrected by any predetermined price range that will form a basis to obtain shipyard prices within a predetermined price range that will result in an efficient ship with the requisite performance characteristics.

Ship Design Optimization

This contribution is devoted to exploiting the analogy between a modern manufacturing plant and a heterogeneous parallel computer to construct a HPCN decision support tool for ship designers. The application is a HPCN one because of the scale of shipbuilding- a large container vessel is constructed by assembling about 1.5million atomic components in a production hierarchy. The role of the decision support tool is to rapidly evaluate the manufacturing consequences of design changes. The implementation as a distributed multi-agent application running on top of PVM is described.

1.Analogies between Manufacturing and HPCN

There are a number of analogies between the manufacture of complex products such as ships, aircraft and cars and the execution of a parallel program. The manufacture of a ship is carried out according to a production plan which ensures that all the components come together at the right time at the right place. A parallel computer application should ensure that the appropriate data is available on the appropriate processor in a timely fashion.

It is not surprising, therefore, that manufacturing is plagued by indeterminacy exactly as are parallel programs executing on multi-processor hardware. This has caused a number of researchers in production engineering to seek inspiration in other areas where managing complexity and unpredictability is important. A number of new paradigms, such as Holonic Manufacturing and Fractal Factories have emerged [1,2] which contain ideas rather reminiscent of those to be found in the field of Multi- Agent Systems [3, 4].

Manufacturing tasks are analogous to operations carried out on data, within the context of planning, scheduling and control. Also, complex products are assembled

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The introduction of ship design

The term basic design refers to determination of major ship characteristics affecting cost and performance. Thus, basic design includes the selection of ship dimensions, hull form, power (amount and type), preliminary arrangement of hull and machinery, and major structure. Proper selections assure the attainment of the mission requirements such as good sea keeping performance, maneuverability, the desire speed, endurance, cargo capacity, and deadweight. Furthermore, it includes checks and modifications for achievement of required cargo handing capability, quarters, hotel services, subdivision and stability standards,freeboard and tonnage measurement; all while considering the ship as part of a profitable transportation, industrial, or service system.

Basic design encompasses both concept design and preliminary design. It results in the determination of major shop characteristics, permitting the preparation of initial cost estimates. In the overall design process, basic design if followed by contact specifications suitable for shipyard bidding and contract award. Well prepared contract plans and specifications will be clear and in sufficient detail to avoid costly contingency items and protect bidders from obscure or inadequate description of the contract plans as required to prepare shop drawings used for the actual constructions of the vessel.

An understanding of the entire design sequence is essential to anyone seeking to develop a basic design, The four steps involved are illustrated in the Design spiral, Evans (1959) as an iterative process working from mission requirements to a detail design, Fig.l.l. These steps are amplified further below:

1. Concept design

The very first effort, concept design, translates the mission requirements into naval architectural and engineering characteristics. Essentially, it embodies technical feasibility studies to determine such fundamental elements of the proposed ship as all of which meet the required speed, range, cargo cubic. The selected concept design then is used as a talking paper for obtaining approximate construction costs, which often determine whether or not to initiate the next level of development, the Preliminary design.

b.Preliminary design

A shiprsquo;s preliminary design further refines the major ship characteristics affecting cost and performance. Certain controlling factors such as length,beam.

c.Contract design

The contract design stage yields a set of plans and specifications which form an integral part of the shipbuilding contract document. It encompasses one or more loops around the design spiral, thereby further refining the preliminary design. This stage delineates more precisely such features as hull form based on a faired set of lines, powering based on model testing, sea keeping and maneuvering characteristics, the effect of number of propellers on hull form, structural details, contract design features, is a weight of each major item in the ship. The final general arrangement is also developed during this stage. This fixes the overall volumes and areas of cargo, machinery, stores, fuel oil, fresh water, living and utility spaces cargo handling equipment, and machinery components.

d.Detail Design

The final stage of ship design is the development of detailed working plans. These plans are the installation and construction instruction to the metal workers, machinery vendors, pipe fitters, etc. As such, they are not considered to be a part of the basic design process. One unique element to consider in this stage of the design is that up to this point, each phase of the design is passed from one engineering group to another.

At this stage the interchange is from engineer to artisan, that is, the engineerrsquo;s product at this point is no longer to be interpreted, adjusted, or corrected by any predetermined price range that will form a basis to obtain shipyard prices within a predetermined price range that will result in an efficient ship with the requisite performance characteristics.

Ship Design Optimization

This contribution is devoted to exploiting the analogy between a modern manufacturing plant and a heterogeneous parallel computer to construct a HPCN decision support tool for ship designers. The application is a HPCN one because of the scale of shipbuilding- a large container vessel is constructed by assembling about 1.5million atomic components in a production hierarchy. The role of the decision support tool is to rapidly evaluate the manufacturing consequences of design changes. The implementation as a distributed multi-agent application running on top of PVM is described.

1.Analogies between Manufacturing and HPCN

There are a number of analogies between the manufacture of complex products such as ships, aircraft and cars and the execution of a parallel program. The manufacture of a ship is carried out according to a production plan which ensures that all the components come together at the right time at the right place. A parallel computer application should ensure that the appropriate data is available on the appropriate processor in a timely fashion.

It is not surprising, therefore, that manufacturing is plagued by indeterminacy exactly as are parallel programs executing on multi-processor hardware. This has caused a number of researchers in production engineering to seek inspiration in other areas where managing complexity and unpredictability is important. A number of new paradigms, such as Holonic Manufacturing and Fractal Factories have emerged [1,2] which contain ideas rather reminiscent of those to be found in the field of Multi- Agent Systems [3, 4].

Manufacturing tasks are analogous to operations carried out on data, within the context of planning, scheduling and control. Also, complex products are assembl

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