对我国车联网发展模式的探讨外文翻译资料

原文

2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)

Internet of Vehicles: From Intelligent Grid to

Autonomous Cars and Vehicular Clouds

Mario Gerla, Eun-Kyu Lee, Giovanni Pau, and Uichin Lee

University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

{gerla, eklee, gpau}@cs.ucla.edu

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.

uclee@kaist.ac.kr

Universit`e Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) - LIP6, Sorbonne Universites - Paris,France.

Abstract

Traditionally, the vehicle has been the extension of the manrsquo;s ambulatory system, docile to the driverrsquo;s commands. Recent advances in communications, controls and embedded systems have changed this model, paving the way to the Intelligent Vehicle Grid. The car is now a formidable sensor platform, absorbing information from the environment (and from other cars) and feeding it to drivers and infrastructure to assist in safe navigation, pollution control and traffic management. The next step in this evolution is just around the corner: the Internet of Autonomous Vehicles. Pioneered by the Google car, the Internet of Vehicles will be a distributed transport fabric capable to make its own decisions about driving customers to their destinations. Like other important instantiations of the Internet of Things (e.g., the smart building), the Internet of Vehicles will have communications, storage, intelligence, and learning capabilities to anticipate the customersrsquo; intentions. The concept that will help transition to the Internet of Vehicles is the Vehicular Cloud, the equivalent of Internet cloud for vehicles, providing all the services required by the autonomous vehicles. In this article, we discuss the evolution from Intelligent Vehicle Grid to Autonomous, Internet-connected Vehicles, and Vehicular Cloud.

I. FROM INDIVIDUAL VEHICLES TO THE CLOUD

The urban fleet of vehicles is rapidly evolving from a collection of sensor platforms that provide information to drivers and upload filtered sensor data (e.g., GPS location, road conditions, etc.) to the cloud; to a network of autonomous vehicles that exchange their sensor inputs among each other in order to optimize a well defined utility function. This function, in the case of autonomous cars, is prompt delivery of the passengers to destination with maximum safety and comfort and minimum impact on the environment. In other words, one is witnessing in the vehicle fleet the same evolution from Sensor Web (i.e., sensors are accessible from the Internet to get their data) to Internet of Things (the components with embedded sensors are networked with each other and make intelligent use of the sensors). In the intelligent home, the IOT formed by the myriad of sensors and actuators that cover the house internally and externally can manage all the utilities in the most economical way, with maximum comfort to residents, with virtually no human intervention. Similarly, in the modern energy grid, the IOT formed by all components large and small can manage power loads in a safe and efficient manner, with the operators now playing the role of observers.

In the vehicular network, like in all the other IOTs, when the human control is removed, the autonomous vehicles must efficiently cooperate to maintain smooth traffic flow in roads and highways. Visionaries predict that the vehicles will behave much better than drivers allowing to handle more traffic with lower delays, less pollution and certainly better driver and passenger comfort. However, the complexity of the distributed control of hundreds of thousands of cars cannot be taken lightly. If a natural catastrophe suddenly happens, say an earthquake, the vehicles must be able to coordinate the evacuation of critical areas in a rapid and orderly manner. This requires the ability to efficient communicate with each other and also to discover where the needed resources are (e.g., ambulances, police vehicles, information about escape routes, images about damage that must be avoided, etc.). Moreover, the communications must be secure, to prevent malicious attacks that in the case of autonomous vehicles could be literally deadly since there is no standby control and split second chance of intervention by the driver (who may be surfing the web).

This efficient communications and distributed processing environment can be provided by a new network and compute paradigm specifically designed for vehicles - the Vehicular Cloud. This mobile cloud provides several essential services, from routing to content search, spectrum sharing, dissemination, attack protection, etc., to autonomous vehicle applications via standard, open interfaces that are shared by all auto manufacturers. This article discusses the evolution from intelligent vehicle grid to autonomous, Internet-connected vehicles and vehicular cloud. In particular, we highlight the advantages of the Internet of Autonomous Vehicles and at the same time expose its challenges stemming from networking for content distribution to possible hostile attacks.

II. EMERGING APPLICATIONS ON WHEELS

Applications in vehicle communications have ranged from safety and comfort to entertainment and commercial services. This section discusses four noticeable characteristics observed in emerging vehicle applications and offers a vision on trends toward an intelligent vehicle grid and impact on the autonomous vehicle.

Application content time-space validity. Vehicles produce a great amount of content, while at the same time consuming the content. That is, they become rich data “prosumers.” Such contents show several common properties of local relevance - local validity, explicit lifetime, and local interest. Local validity indicates that vehicle-generated content has its own spatial scope of utility to consumers.

剩余内容已隐藏，支付完成后下载完整资料

原文

2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)

Internet of Vehicles: From Intelligent Grid to

Autonomous Cars and Vehicular Clouds

Mario Gerla, Eun-Kyu Lee, Giovanni Pau, and Uichin Lee

University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

{gerla, eklee, gpau}@cs.ucla.edu

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.

uclee@kaist.ac.kr

Universit`e Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) - LIP6, Sorbonne Universites - Paris,France.

Abstract

Traditionally, the vehicle has been the extension of the manrsquo;s ambulatory system, docile to the driverrsquo;s commands. Recent advances in communications, controls and embedded systems have changed this model, paving the way to the Intelligent Vehicle Grid. The car is now a formidable sensor platform, absorbing information from the environment (and from other cars) and feeding it to drivers and infrastructure to assist in safe navigation, pollution control and traffic management. The next step in this evolution is just around the corner: the Internet of Autonomous Vehicles. Pioneered by the Google car, the Internet of Vehicles will be a distributed transport fabric capable to make its own decisions about driving customers to their destinations. Like other important instantiations of the Internet of Things (e.g., the smart building), the Internet of Vehicles will have communications, storage, intelligence, and learning capabilities to anticipate the customersrsquo; intentions. The concept that will help transition to the Internet of Vehicles is the Vehicular Cloud, the equivalent of Internet cloud for vehicles, providing all the services required by the autonomous vehicles. In this article, we discuss the evolution from Intelligent Vehicle Grid to Autonomous, Internet-connected Vehicles, and Vehicular Cloud.

I. FROM INDIVIDUAL VEHICLES TO THE CLOUD

The urban fleet of vehicles is rapidly evolving from a collection of sensor platforms that provide information to drivers and upload filtered sensor data (e.g., GPS location, road conditions, etc.) to the cloud; to a network of autonomous vehicles that exchange their sensor inputs among each other in order to optimize a well defined utility function. This function, in the case of autonomous cars, is prompt delivery of the passengers to destination with maximum safety and comfort and minimum impact on the environment. In other words, one is witnessing in the vehicle fleet the same evolution from Sensor Web (i.e., sensors are accessible from the Internet to get their data) to Internet of Things (the components with embedded sensors are networked with each other and make intelligent use of the sensors). In the intelligent home, the IOT formed by the myriad of sensors and actuators that cover the house internally and externally can manage all the utilities in the most economical way, with maximum comfort to residents, with virtually no human intervention. Similarly, in the modern energy grid, the IOT formed by all components large and small can manage power loads in a safe and efficient manner, with the operators now playing the role of observers.

In the vehicular network, like in all the other IOTs, when the human control is removed, the autonomous vehicles must efficiently cooperate to maintain smooth traffic flow in roads and highways. Visionaries predict that the vehicles will behave much better than drivers allowing to handle more traffic with lower delays, less pollution and certainly better driver and passenger comfort. However, the complexity of the distributed control of hundreds of thousands of cars cannot be taken lightly. If a natural catastrophe suddenly happens, say an earthquake, the vehicles must be able to coordinate the evacuation of critical areas in a rapid and orderly manner. This requires the ability to efficient communicate with each other and also to discover where the needed resources are (e.g., ambulances, police vehicles, information about escape routes, images about damage that must be avoided, etc.). Moreover, the communications must be secure, to prevent malicious attacks that in the case of autonomous vehicles could be literally deadly since there is no standby control and split second chance of intervention by the driver (who may be surfing the web).

This efficient communications and distributed processing environment can be provided by a new network and compute paradigm specifically designed for vehicles - the Vehicular Cloud. This mobile cloud provides several essential services, from routing to content search, spectrum sharing, dissemination, attack protection, etc., to autonomous vehicle applications via standard, open interfaces that are shared by all auto manufacturers. This article discusses the evolution from intelligent vehicle grid to autonomous, Internet-connected vehicles and vehicular cloud. In particular, we highlight the advantages of the Internet of Autonomous Vehicles and at the same time expose its challenges stemming from networking for content distribution to possible hostile attacks.

II. EMERGING APPLICATIONS ON WHEELS

Applications in vehicle communications have ranged from safety and comfort to entertainment and commercial services. This section discusses four noticeable characteristics observed in emerging vehicle applications and offers a vision on trends toward an intelligent vehicle grid and impact on the autonomous vehicle.

Application content time-space validity. Vehicles produce a great amount of content, while at the same time consuming the content. That is, they become rich data “prosumers.” Such contents show several common properties of local relevance - local validity, explicit lifetime,

剩余内容已隐藏，支付完成后下载完整资料

资料编号：[140892]，资料为PDF文档或Word文档，PDF文档可免费转换为Word