Virtual Reality Technology Based Developmental Designs of Multiplayerinteraction-supporting Exhibits of Science Museums: Taking the Exhibit of “Virtual Experience on an Aircraft Carrier” in China Science and Technology Museum as an Example
Lu LI*, Ji ZHOU
China Science and Technology Museum, Beijing, 100012
Abstract:In the science museum industry, exhibits related to virtual reality(VR) technology have grown rapidly in number. Demonstrating and using virtual reality technology in exhibits is becoming a new hotspot in science museums. However, most of these exhibits are non-interactive or only allow one person to interact with virtual environment. Few exhibits could realize multiplayer real-time interaction. Taking the exhibit of “Virtual Experience on an Aircraft Carrier” in China Science and Technology Museum as an example, this paper elaborates the design of a multiplayer interactive exhibit based on VR technology, including the game content and interactive ways of the exhibit, the software system architecture, the function of software system modules, software development tools, the hardware system and the equipment required. Through this, the paper is aimed to provide useful ideas for such multiplayer interactive exhibits based on virtual reality technology, which may make exhibitions in science museums more interesting and improve their science popularization effects.
Key words: multiplayer real-time interaction, exhibit, science museums
1 Introduction
Virtual reality technology is a hot research field in computer science. It is, simply put, based on computer technology as the core, combined with multimedia technology, sensor and measurement technology and simulation technology to generate a digital environment which is of high degree of similarity with the real environment in vision, hearing, touch and other aspects, which could make who experiences this digital virtual environment feel immersive and interact with the environment in
a natural way. The application of virtual reality technology requires the support of software and hardware system. The software system is required to create virtual images and process the interaction between participants and virtual images. The hardware involved includes high-performance computers, VR goggles and motion capture devices like handheld controllers. Now with the popularity of hardware devices, virtual reality technology has been widely used in fields of research and development, manufacturing, health care, education amp; training, marketing and entertainment.
In the field of education, VR technology could arouse learnersrsquo; interest, initiative and creativeness and thus improve the learning effects, due to the characteristics of VR technology which are ultra-realistic immersive, multi-perception interactive and imaginative. In China, formal education applies VR technology relatively early. But in non-formal education areas, referring primarily to science museums, VR technology just begins to be valued and applied recently. Moreover, the application of VR technology in science museums is mainly in non-interactive exhibits displayed in the way of “Virtual Tour” or “VR theatre” and single player-environment interactive exhibits. Few could realize multiplayer real-time interactive.
Lately, China Science and Technology Museum has built a new exhibit named “Virtual Experience on an Aircraft Carrier”, relying on VR technology and realizing multiplayer real-time interactive. The exhibit allows at most five persons to play in a VR game simultaneously and the participants need to cooperate with each other to jointly complete the game task. In the game, participants could “visit” the virtual aircraft carrier in an immersive way, experience the work to let an aircraft take off, and experiencing driving and landing an aircraft. Through the game, participants could understand the relevant scientific knowledge. As the exhibit is game-based and highly interactive, it is believed that the exhibit will be popular with visitors and be a typical representative of the application of virtual reality technology in the science museum industry.
2 Overview of the Exhibit
This exhibit is composed of a partial model of an aircraft carrier, an aircraft tractor simulator, 4-dimentional (4D) seats, virtual reality (VR) goggles, motion capture devices and other equipment. It utilizes virtual reality technology to construct virtual scenes related to the takeoff of the carrier-based aircraft and develop interaction software. 5 players are immersed into virtual scene via VR goggles, and every participant could see virtual avatars of other 4 participants in the virtual scene. In the virtual scene, these 5 participants coordinate with each other, jointly completed the game task to transport the carrier-based aircraft from the hangar to the takeoff location on the flight deck and realize takeoff. Game roles that the 5 players take on are Guide No. 1 (tractor guide), Guide No. 2 (carrier aircraft guide), tractor driver, pilot and support officer.
Moreover, content players see via the VR goggles could be simultaneously displayed on five LED screens. Audiences lining up in the waiting lounge could watch playersrsquo; real-time game process via the screens.
Through this exhibit, participants could know how an aircraft on an aircraft carrier takes off, cognize aircraft carrier hangar, deck, aircraft elevator, aircraft tractor and other devices, know their main functions, experience coordination and precise operation needed during the transportation of aircrafts on the aircraft carrier, and virtually develop a spirit of collaboration.
Table 1 Roles That Participants Take on and Used Equipment
Figure 1 Effect Diagram of the Exhibit
3 Software System of the Exhibit
3.1 System Framework
剩余内容已隐藏,支付完成后下载完整资料
基于虚拟现实技术的科技馆多人互动支持展览设计发展设计 - 以中国科技馆“航空母舰虚拟经验”展示为例
Lu LI*, Ji ZHOU
中国科技馆, 北京, 100012
摘要:在科学博物馆行业,与虚拟现实(VR)技术相关的展品数量迅速增长。在展览中展示和使用虚拟现实技术正成为科学博物馆的新热点。然而,这些展品中的大多数是非交互式的或仅允许一个人与虚拟环境交互。很少有展品可以实现多人实时互动。以中国科技馆“航空母舰虚拟经验”展览为例,阐述了基于VR技术的多人互动展览的设计,包括展览的游戏内容和互动方式,软件系统架构,软件系统模块的功能,软件开发工具,硬件系统和所需的设备。通过这一点,本文旨在为基于虚拟现实技术的多人互动展览提供有用的思路,这可以使科学博物馆的展览更有趣,并提高他们的科学普及效果。
关键词:多人实时互动, 展示, 科学博物馆
Virtual Reality Technology Based Developmental Designs of Multiplayerinteraction-supporting Exhibits of Science Museums: Taking the Exhibit of “Virtual Experience on an Aircraft Carrier” in China Science and Technology Museum as an Example
Lu LI*, Ji ZHOU
China Science and Technology Museum, Beijing, 100012
Abstract:In the science museum industry, exhibits related to virtual reality(VR) technology have grown rapidly in number. Demonstrating and using virtual reality technology in exhibits is becoming a new hotspot in science museums. However, most of these exhibits are non-interactive or only allow one person to interact with virtual environment. Few exhibits could realize multiplayer real-time interaction. Taking the exhibit of “Virtual Experience on an Aircraft Carrier” in China Science and Technology Museum as an example, this paper elaborates the design of a multiplayer interactive exhibit based on VR technology, including the game content and interactive ways of the exhibit, the software system architecture, the function of software system modules, software development tools, the hardware system and the equipment required. Through this, the paper is aimed to provide useful ideas for such multiplayer interactive exhibits based on virtual reality technology, which may make exhibitions in science museums more interesting and improve their science popularization effects.
Key words: multiplayer real-time interaction, exhibit, science museums
1引言
虚拟现实技术是计算机科学研究的热门领域。 简单地说,以计算机技术为核心,结合多媒体技术,传感器和测量技术以及仿真技术,生成与视觉,听觉,触觉等真实环境高度相似的数字环境。可以让谁体验这个数字虚拟环境感觉身临其境并与环境互动软件系统需要创建虚拟图像并处理参与者和虚拟图像之间的交互。涉及的硬件包括高性能计算机,VR护目镜和手持控制器等动作捕捉设备。随着硬件设备的普及,虚拟现实技术已广泛应用于研发,制造,医疗保健,教育培训,营销和娱乐等领域。
在教育领域,VR技术可以激发学习者的兴趣,主动性和创造性,从而提高学习效果,因为VR技术具有超逼真的沉浸感,多元感知互动性和想象力。在中国,正规教育相对较早地应用VR技术。但在非正规教育领域,主要是指科学博物馆,VR技术最近才开始受到重视和应用。此外,VR技术在科学博物馆中的应用主要是以“虚拟旅游”或“VR影院”的方式展示的非互动展品和单人 - 环境互动展品。很少有人能够实现多人实时互动。
最近,中国科技馆依托VR技术,实现了多人实时互动,新建了一个名为“航空母舰虚拟体验”的展览。该展览允许最多五个人同时在VR游戏中玩,并且参与者需要彼此合作以共同完成游戏任务。在游戏中,参与者可以以沉浸式方式“访问”虚拟航空母舰,体验让飞机起飞的工作,以及体验驾驶和着陆飞机。通过游戏,参与者可以了解相关的科学知识。由于展览以游戏为基础且具有高度互动性,因此相信展览将受到参观者的欢迎,并成为科学博物馆行业中虚拟现实技术应用的典型代表。
2 展览概述
该展览由航空母舰的部分模型,飞机拖拉机模拟器,四维(4D)座椅,虚拟现实(VR)护目镜,运动捕捉设备和其他设备组成。它利用虚拟现实技术构建与基于载体的飞机起飞相关的虚拟场景,并开发交互软件。5个玩家通过VR护目镜沉浸在虚拟场景中,每个参与者都可以看到虚拟场景中其他4个参与者的虚拟化身。在虚拟场景中,这5个参与者相互协调,共同完成游戏任务,将基于载体的飞机从机库运送到飞行甲板上的起飞位置,实现起飞。 5名运动员所承担的比赛角色是指南1(拖拉机指南),指南2(运载飞机指南),拖拉机驾驶员,飞行员和支援人员。
此外,内容播放器通过VR护目镜可以同时显示在五个LED屏幕上。在等候休息室排队的观众可以通过屏幕观看玩家的实时游戏过程。
通过这次展览,参与者可以了解航空母舰上的飞机如何起飞,认识航空母舰机库,甲板,飞机电梯,飞机拖拉机和其他设备,了解其主要功能,经验协调以及飞机运输过程中所需的精确操作 航母,实际上发展了合作精神。
表1 参与者承担和使用的设备的角色
图1 展览效果图
3 展览软件系统
3.1 系统框架
为了实现真实地模仿航母上基于载体的飞机的运输过程,展览的软件系统建立了统一的几乎模仿的运输场景。 5个不同的角色扮演者的客户同时连接到虚拟场景。 通过局域网(LAN)实现协调的同步。图2和图3分别显示了集成系统框架和工作流程。
图2 软件系统框架
图3 软件系统工作流程
3.2系统模块的功能
该系统由7个主要模块组成:虚拟场景模块,网络数据通信模块,拖拉机客户端,Guide-No.1客户端,Guide-No.2客户端,支持人员客户端和试验客户端。
(1) 虚拟场景模块
虚拟场景模块的功能是在游戏中建立虚拟模拟环境,包括航空母舰机库的内部环境,升降平台从机库到甲板的场景转换,驾驶舱的舰载环境( 船岛景观,设备布置等),海洋环境等场景。此外,该模块在场景中设置模型以进行物理碰撞检测,并将不能在场景中滚动的位置和对象视为障碍物。
为了在没有任何间歇感的情况下进行平滑的场景移动,在环境的近场景中应用精细模型,而在远场景中应用简单模型。动画帧速率控制在40帧/秒,每个动画控制在1秒内完成。此外,虚拟场景的图像质量达到2K分辨率的高清(HD)标准。
图4 虚拟场景的效果图
- 网络数据通信模块
为满足多人实时交互的系统构建完美的网络通信框架是必要的。网络传输大量的实时数据,包括各种角色的动画信息,空间坐标信息,逻辑判断信息,登录信息和任务完成度。该模块用于客户端之间或客户端与服务器之间的数据传输和接收/发送命令,不仅实现单个客户端之间的点对点通信,还实现单个客户端与多个客户端的通信,可以满足5人同时上线。
网络模块满足用户通过VR护目镜,动作捕捉设备和其他设备登录。玩家可以随时登录系统。 如果参与者人数少于5人,系统将自动提供计算机人工智能(AI)来取代并操作。 登录系统后,用户可以通过LAN内容服务器的集成联合参与服务器中的LAN仿真体验。
- 指南-第1号客户
指南-1号(拖拉机指南)客户端通过动作捕捉设备的界面控制虚拟场景中的用户进行相应的命令手势,并完成相应的游戏任务。它还允许用户通过VR护目镜体验航空母舰上的虚拟模拟场景。
- 指南-第2号客户
指南-第2号客户也称为航空母舰指南客户。它的功能类似于Guide-No.1客户端的功能。 它还通过动作捕捉设备的界面控制虚拟场景中的用户进行相应的命令手势,并完成相应的游戏任务。此外,它还允许用户通过VR护目镜以720°的视角观察飞机的起飞过程。
- 拖拉机客户端
拖拉机客户端控制拖拉机在虚拟场景中的行进方向。在拖拉机与飞机前轮对齐后,客户将自动将飞机与拖拉机对接。然后玩家可以操作方向盘来控制拖拉机的行程,并完成游戏任务。
- 支持人员客户
支持人员客户端为玩家提供航空母舰上的虚拟现实漫游。登录后,用户根据特定行程从机库漫游到甲板。在漫游期间,通过VR护目镜,用户可以观察机库场景,拖拉机的飞机运输,基于载体的飞机的起飞以及其他过程。
图5 飞行员视角的场景效果图
- 试点客户
飞行员客户通过沉浸式VR护目镜为玩家提供运载飞行员飞行员的真实视角。它还提供了视觉角度通过3自由度座椅转换所产生的倾斜和碰撞的感觉。
3.3 开发系统的工具
该软件系统是使用Unity3D引擎开发的。Unity3D是一个集成的创作工具,用于创建交互内容,如三维(3-D)视频游戏,建筑可视化和实时3-D动画。Unity3D可以提供分层集成开发环境,可视化编辑,详细的属性编辑器和动态游戏预览。
该系统是基于Unity3D支持的C#和JavaScript脚本语言开发的。其中,通过调用Unity3Dsupported数据结构和函数实现虚拟场景相关功能。
图6 数据结构
该系统利用3D-MAX建模工具制作系统所需的场景模型,人物模型和设备模型,并为Unity 3D引出可用的3-D模型,以调用和制作3-D动画,制作模型的工作流程如图7-9所示。
图7 制作设备模型的工作流程
4 展览的硬件系统
该展览的硬件系统主要包括环境设施,如航空母舰甲板,拖拉机,沉浸式虚拟现实头盔,动作捕捉设备,4-D座椅和工业个人计算机(IPC)。
拖拉机由物理模拟拖拉机模型和控制系统组成。该模型根据真实拖拉机进行优化设计。 外壳和角落处理平滑,以避免意外伤害。 控制系统由方向盘,加速器,制动器等周边设备组成,实现了游戏中拖拉机的相关功能。
选用的VR护目镜是Oculus Rift CV1,单眼分辨率为1200times;1080,刷新率为90Hz,以及HDMI和USB 3.0接口。
使用的运动捕捉设备是HTC Vive虚拟现实设备,包括头戴式显示器,2个单手持式控制器和定位系统(LightHouse),可以同时跟踪耳机和控制器的运动。该定位系统根据红外光发射器和接收器定位移动物体,它允许用户在一定范围内移动。
4-D动态座椅的运动平台采用开放式3DOF结构。3个电动缸相互协调,使运动平台工作。运动平台与控制计算机相结合,实现在游戏中各种场景中发生的投球,翻滚和举起等动作。
选择具有能够满足虚拟场景平滑播放性能的五台小型坚固工业计算机作为系统的IPC。IPC的主要参数:作为CPU的英特尔reg;酷睿trade;i7处理器,主频超过3.0 GHz,内存超过8 G,显示内存超过4 G,硬盘超过 1T,以及独立显卡,可支持Oculus等主流头戴式显示器的平稳运行。
5 结语
中国科技馆展览利用Unity3D引擎开发支持多人实时交互的虚拟现实系统。参与者可以与数字模拟环境互动,在游戏中扮演5个不同的角色,体验指导基于载体的飞机起飞和驾驶飞机并使其通过虚拟现实护目镜,手持飞机起飞的过程控制器,4-D动态座椅和其他设备。通过游戏,参与者可以获得一些关于虚拟现实和相关军事科学技术的科学知识。此外,参与者的国防概念和合作意识将得到加强。
该展览是支持多人互动的虚拟现实游戏展品的典型代表之一。这种
剩余内容已隐藏,支付完成后下载完整资料
资料编号:[18508],资料为PDF文档或Word文档,PDF文档可免费转换为Word
您可能感兴趣的文章
- 饮用水微生物群:一个全面的时空研究,以监测巴黎供水系统的水质外文翻译资料
- 步进电机控制和摩擦模型对复杂机械系统精确定位的影响外文翻译资料
- 具有温湿度控制的开式阴极PEM燃料电池性能的提升外文翻译资料
- 警报定时系统对驾驶员行为的影响:调查驾驶员信任的差异以及根据警报定时对警报的响应外文翻译资料
- 门禁系统的零知识认证解决方案外文翻译资料
- 车辆废气及室外环境中悬浮微粒中有机磷的含量—-个案研究外文翻译资料
- ZigBee协议对城市风力涡轮机的无线监控: 支持应用软件和传感器模块外文翻译资料
- ZigBee系统在医疗保健中提供位置信息和传感器数据传输的方案外文翻译资料
- 基于PLC的模糊控制器在污水处理系统中的应用外文翻译资料
- 光伏并联最大功率点跟踪系统独立应用程序外文翻译资料
