高温的气候特征 近59年西安市的天气状况外文翻译资料

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高温的气候特征

近59年西安市的天气状况

孟晓荣，杨晓春，曲靖，金丽娜

西安气象局，中国西安710016

摘要：研究西安市近59年来的高温特征。highest temperature in the Xian observatory，the climate characteristics of high temperature at different intensities and the high attitude circulation西安天文台最高气温、不同强度高温气候特征及高姿态环流 were studied by statistical method． ［Result］Over the last 59 years，there were 22．95 high temperature days each year on average in Xian City，结果_近59年来，西安市平均每年高温日数为22.95天， which occurred from the last ten days of April to the first ten days of September． Most high temperature days occurred in the last ten days of July，它发生在4月下旬至9月上旬。大多数高温日发生在7月下旬， followed by that in the last ten days of June． There were two peak values in the last ten days of June and last ten days of July when temperature ge;在6月下旬和7月下旬，气温ge;1时出现两个峰值。 38．0 ℃． For the hottest day，it occurred most in the last twenty days of June，followed by July，and rarely in August． The interannual changes in38.0℃，最热日出现在6月下旬，7月份次之，8月份较少。 the high temperature day，hot day and hottest day showed one-little and one-much trend． It was much from 1950s to 1960s，from 1970s to 1980s高温日、高温日和最热日呈一少一多的趋势，20世纪50～60年代、70～80年代变化较大。 and then grew more after 1990s． The annual extreme highest temperature took place in the last twenty days of June，and then in the last ten days90年代以后，气温进一步上升。每年的最高温度发生在6月的最后20天，然后是最后的10天。 of July． Its interannual changes showed high-low-high trend． The high temperature appeared most often in July and also lasted for the longest dura-年际变化呈高-低-高趋势，高温多出现在7月份，持续时间最长。 tion． The hot day lasted for two days． The hottest days of ge;40．0 ℃ were very rare． The circulation of high temperature generally fell into one of高温持续两天，ge;40.0℃的最热天非常罕见。four categories: continental high pressure controlling type，subtropical high controlling type，strip high pressure controlling type and northwest air-四类：大陆高压控制型、亚热带高压控制型、条带高压控制型和西北风；stream controlling type． ［Conclusion］The study provided references for the forecast and pre-warning of high temperature．结论_该研究为高温天气的预报和预警提供了参考依据。

Key words High temperature; Changes characteristics; Circulation characteristics; Xian City，China关键词：高温；变化特征；环流特征；西安市

西安夏季极端气温City can be hazardous． High temperature can lead to sun-城市可能是危险的。高温会导致太阳- stroke，heart and cerebrovascular disease，cold，diarrhea and中风、心脑血管病、感冒、腹泻skin allergies． In addition，high temperatures can also result in皮肤过敏。此外，高温也可能导致increasing electricity load and pressure of limited water supply．增加电力负荷和有限供水压力。Long lasting hot days can also induce large-scale of drought长时间的炎热天气也可能导致大规模的干旱。and severely damage agricultural production严重损害农业生产［1］ ． The duration ofhigh temperature days would reflect the temperature in summer高温日反映了夏季气温。in one place． The longer the duration of high temperature days，在一个地方，高温天持续时间越长，the more negative the influences upon agricultural production对农业生产和日常生活的影响越大and daily life。［2］ ． By dint of daily highest temperature in Xian利用西安市天文台1951-2009年逐日最高气温，采用observatory during 1951 －2009 and based on statistical meth-统计方法，ods，the meteorological characteristics of high temperature研究days of different intensity and the upper air circulation were不同强度高温天气气象特征和高空环流， studied so as to provide reference for the prediction and pre-为预测预报提供参考和warning of high temperature days．高温天气警告。

1. 材料和方法

选取西安地面观测站1951-2009年的日最高温度。根据西安是的气象特征，大于或等于35.0℃的日子定义为高温日；连续五天日最高温度大于或等于35.0℃被定义为“热浪” 天气；日最高气温高于38.0℃为热天，日最高气温大于或等于40.0℃为最热日，统称为高温日。

1. 西安高温天气特征
   1. 根据统计资料，teds，there were 1 345 d of high temperature days in Xian dur-西安地区高温日数为1345天ing 1951 － 2009，about 22． 95 d each year on average． The1951—2009年，平均每年22.95天。high temperature day appeared as early as on April 21 (36．5 ℃高温日最早出现在4月21日(2004年为36.5℃)，in 2004) and as late as to September 9 (36．4 ℃ in 1997，36．5截至9月9日(1997年为36.4℃,1999年为36.5℃) ℃ in 1999)． There were 60 high temperature days，occurring高温日数为60天。 about 1．02 times each year on average from the last ten days从最近十天开始，平均每年大约1.02次。of May to the middle ten days of August．五月至八月中旬，连续五天of high temperature occurred nineteen times，which accounted高温发生19次，占总发生次数for 31．1% of the total occurrences． Ten consecutiv的31.1%；连续10天的high temperature occurred nine times，which accounted for高温发生了9次，占总发生次数的11.8%。11．8% of the total occurrences． The longest duration lasted for最长持续时间为17 days (July 15，1971)． There were 226 d of tropical days o-17天(1971年7月15号)。ver the 59 years，about 3． 83 d each year on average，which59年间，有226天的热带天气，平均每年约3.83天，最occurred as early as on May 29 (38．4 ℃ in 2007)，and as late早发生在5月29日(2007年为38.4℃)，最晚发生在as on September 5 (38．2 ℃ in 1997)．9月5日（1997年为38.2℃），连续两天发生46次，平均每年0.8次，它延长了ed for six days (June 18 －23 in 2005，July 26 －31 in 1959)．六天（2005年6月18日至23日，1959年7月26日至31日）。 There were 32 d of ge;40．0 ℃ tropical days in 59 years，0．54 d59年中ge;40.0℃的热带天数为32天,平均每年0.54天，each year on average，as early as on June 11 (40． 4 ℃ in早在6月11日（1972年为40.4℃）1972) and as late as on August 4 (40． 0 ℃ in 1994)，mostly和8月4日(1994年为40.0℃) 主要从from mid June to last ten days of June，18 d in total，account-6月中旬至6月下旬，共计18天，占ing for 56%． There were only once in August． There were four百分之五十六，八月份只有一次。times of consecutive two days when temperature was greater当温度大于或等于40℃时，连续两天有四次，最多3天（1966年6月19至21日）than or equal to 40 ℃，3 d at most (June 19 －21 in 1966)．The highest temperature in 59 years was 42．9 ℃ on June 17，，59年来的最高温度是2006年6月17日42.9℃。
   2. 高温日变化特征

2.2.1年际变化。如图1所示，1997年是Xian City during 1951 －2009，while 1993 experienced the lowest number of high temperature (1 d)． On average，most西安市1951—2009年高温天数最多的一年（61天）而1993年是高温天数最少的一年（1天）。平均来说，大多数years had ten to thirty high temperature days． Judging from年份都有十到三十个高温天。changes trends，it exhibited one-little-one-much rule． High temperature days were relatively frequent from 1950s to 1960s and高温日变化趋势呈一少一多的规律。then declined during 1970s －1980s． After the 1990s，however，the occurrence of high temperatures days increased again and20世纪70—80年代高温日数呈下降趋势，但90年代以后，高温日数又再次上升。reached a maximum in 1997，before again declining over recent

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