专题介绍：兄弟姐妹关系的视角：促进儿童发展研究外文翻译资料

专题介绍：兄弟姐妹关系的视角：促进儿童发展研究

凯瑟琳·朱斯伯里·康格

Laurie Kramer

劳里·克雷默

First published: 15 July 2010

首次出版：2010年7月15日

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2010.00120.x

Cited by: 6

引用文献：6

concerning this article should be addressed to Katherine Jewsbury Conger, Department of Human and Community Development, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; e‐mail: kjconger@ucdavis.edu.

关于本文，请致电加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校人类和社区发展系Katherine.sb..er，CA 95616；电子邮件：kj.r@ucdavis.edu。

Work on this article has been supported by the Agricultural Experiment Station at the University of California, Davis and the University of Illinois.

本文的工作得到了加利福尼亚大学、戴维斯大学和伊利诺斯大学的农业实验站的支持。

一、SECTIONS一一一 摘要

Abstract— For the vast majority of individuals, relationships with siblings provide a context for life experiences, yet the influences of these relationships are rarely reflected in studies of child and adolescent development. To encourage researchers to take the role of siblings into account in their studies of child development, this Special Section of Child Development Perspectives presents 3 articles that summarize emerging issues related to how siblings are defined in a world of increasingly diverse family forms and multiple cultures and to the unique role of siblings during the transition to adulthood. The Special Section concludes with a commentary that frames sibling issues within the larger context of research on social relationships and child development across the life course.

对绝大多数个人来说，与兄弟姐妹的关系提供了生活体验的背景，然而这些关系的影响很少反映在儿童和青少年发展的研究中。为了鼓励研究人员在他们的儿童发展研究中考虑兄弟姐妹的作用，儿童发展视角的特别部分介绍了3篇文章，总结了与兄弟姐妹在日益多样化的家庭形式和多元文化世界中的定义以及兄弟姐妹的独特作用有关的新出现的问题。在向成年过渡期间。特别部分以一篇评论作为结尾，该评论将兄弟姐妹的问题置于整个人生过程中关于社会关系和儿童发展的研究的大背景下。

二、正文

兄弟姐妹关系对促进个人一生的健康和健康的重要性正日益得到充分的证明（Dunn，2007；Kramer amp; Bank，2005）。然而，尽管为绝大多数个人提供了许多生活经历的背景，儿童与兄弟姐妹关系的影响在儿童发展的研究中却很少被提及。因为全世界80%-85%的儿童与至少一个兄弟姐妹一起长大，并且因为兄弟姐妹关系通常是一个人一生中持续时间最长的一种关系，所以在研究儿童发展时不考虑兄弟姐妹地位是一个重大的遗漏。我们认为，将兄弟姐妹因素纳入儿童发展研究将大大促进对众多发展过程的理解。毕竟，在某些情况下，可能是一个年长的兄弟姐妹，作为婴儿兄弟姐妹的安全基础（即，依恋形象），保护弟弟妹妹免受学校操场欺负，当弟弟妹妹的恋情变坏时，他是知己，以及指导弟弟妹妹在多重挑战的谈判中。高中、约会和工作。当然，兄弟姐妹的贡献并不总是积极的或良性的。兄弟姐妹可能与安全的基础相反，在兄弟姐妹中制造焦虑，或嘲笑兄弟姐妹在被欺负时哭闹的孩子，或向父母透露兄弟姐妹在恋爱关系中的问题的信心，或鼓励青少年兄弟姐妹使用酒精和药物来应对某些挑战。即使没有兄弟姐妹也会对发育产生影响。兄弟姐妹关系的形式、性质和质量的多样性在兄弟姐妹关系的运作方式上产生了巨大的变化，并潜在地影响着发展的进程。理解这些变化的影响可以大大促进对看似不相关的发展过程的理解。

对于研究人员来说，获取并跟上日益增长的兄弟姐妹文献是非常具有挑战性的，这些文献分布在多个学科，包括家庭研究、社会学、心理学、人类发展、遗传学、人类学和精神病学。在过去的25年里，兄弟姐妹的研究已经扩展到一个充满活力的领域，涵盖了广泛的社会相关主题，包括兄弟姐妹作为社会化与支持的代理人的作用；父母对兄弟姐妹的差别待遇和非共享环境对孩子和家庭幸福的影响；交叉兄弟姐妹的角色、责任和关系的文化差异和相似性；促进兄弟姐妹关系质量和冲突管理的战略的制定；以及遗传和环境影响对个人行为和社会过程的相互作用（见Dunn，2007；Krameramp;Bank，2005；Krameramp;.er）2009年；苏洛威，1996年）。鉴于这种复杂性，本儿童发展观点特别部分旨在鼓励研究人员(他们可能根本不把自己称为“兄弟研究人员”)将兄弟姐妹因素纳入他们的调查中，并理解为什么这种方法很重要。

This Special Section presents some of the latest thinking about the interpersonal dynamics of siblingsrsquo; relationships, about how siblings are defined in a world of increasingly diverse family forms and multiple cultures, and about the role of siblings during the transition to adulthood. The articles that this section comprises discuss the need for multidisciplinary research to address the complex issues associated with studying the full spectrum of sibling relationships in context. Furthermore, we propose that there is a need for integration across diverse fields of developmental psychology, child development, anthropology, sociology, psychotherapy, behavioral genetics, and health sciences to fully represent the nature and consequences of experiences with siblings across the life span. Toward that end, the following three articles and concluding commentary provide a framework for broadening the discussion of siblings across disciplinary lines and life stages.

本特别章节介绍一些关于兄弟姐妹关系的人际动力学的最新思考，关于在日益多样的家庭形式和多元文化的世界中如何定义兄弟姐妹，以及关于兄弟姐妹在向成年过渡过程中的作用。本节包含的文章讨论了多学科研究的必要性，以解决与在上下文中研究全部兄弟关系相关的复杂问题。此外，我们建议有必要在发展心理学、儿童发展、人类学、社会学、心理疗法、行为遗传学和健康科学的不同领域进行整合，以充分表现兄弟姐妹一生经历的性质和后果。为此，以下三篇文章和结论性评论提供了一个框架，以扩大讨论跨学科和生活阶段的兄弟姐妹。

在第一篇文章中，Shirley McGuire和Lilly Shanahan（本期）回顾了兄弟姐妹在美国不同家庭环境中经历的复杂性，重点放在不同种族背景和家庭结构的家庭。他们提出了一个有趣的问题：在世界各地日益多样化的家庭形式中，如何才能最好地定义兄弟姐妹的身份？对许多人来说，听到“兄弟姐妹”这个词时，马上就会想到“兄弟姐妹”这个词是指亲生兄弟姐妹。但在同居、高离婚率、体外受精和重组家庭形式的时代，一个中心问题可能是：谁是兄弟姐妹？作者在讨论这个问题的同时，也简明地研究了与生态环境相关的问题，这些环境既影响兄弟姐妹关系，也影响个体发展。

McGuire and Shanahan highlight the complexity that ensues when siblings are included in studies of family dynamics, which all too often have been simplified to examine either mother–child or romantic–dyad relationships. They briefly summarize three main lines of research on European American siblings—structural characteristics, relationship dynamics, and ecological contexts. They then present key findings from research on siblings in African American and Mexican American families and provide a cogent discussion of sibling experiences in immigrant families, including the attempt to balance the culture of their family of origin with immersion in their adopted culture. All scientists will benefit from the authorsrsquo; urging that sibling processes be studied “within contexts defined by structure, ethnicity, and culture” and that findings not be overgeneralized beyond the population under study. They conclude by drawing attention to four particular family contexts in which research is emerging: ethnicity and culture, lesbian and gay families, adoptive families, and assisted reproductive technology. Greater knowledge of sibling factors and relationships in these diverse family contexts promises to expand both theoretical and practical knowledge of siblings and families.

McGuire和Shanahan强调了兄弟姐妹被纳入家庭动力学研究的复杂性，而这些研究经常被简化为考察母子关系或浪漫双生子关系。他们简要概括了欧美兄弟姐妹研究的三个主要方向：结构特征、关系动态和生态背景。然后，他们介绍了对非洲裔美国人和墨西哥裔美国人家庭中兄弟姐妹的研究的主要发现，并提供了移民家庭中兄弟姐妹经历的有说服力的讨论，包括试图平衡他们原籍家庭的文化和沉浸在他们所接受的文化中的尝试。所有科学家都将受益于作者敦促“在由结构、种族和文化定义的上下文中”研究兄弟姐妹的过程，并且发现不应该被过度概括超过所研究的人口。最后，他们提请大家注意正在兴起的四种特殊家庭环境：种族与文化、女同性恋和同性恋家庭、收养家庭和辅助生殖技术。在这些不同的家庭环境中，对兄弟姐妹因素和关系的更多了解有望扩展兄弟姐妹和家庭的理论和实践知识。

在第二篇文章中，Laurie Kramer（本期）提出了一个推进理论和实践的框架，旨在通过促进社会能力和减少冲突来促进兄弟姐妹之间的合作关系。她建议，理

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Introduction to the Special Section: Perspectives on Sibling Relationships: Advancing Child Development Research

Katherine Jewsbury Conger

Laurie Kramer

First published: 15 July 2010

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2010.00120.x

Cited by: 6

concerning this article should be addressed to Katherine Jewsbury Conger, Department of Human and Community Development, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; e‐mail: kjconger@ucdavis.edu.

Work on this article has been supported by the Agricultural Experiment Station at the University of California, Davis and the University of Illinois.

Sections

Abstract

Abstract— For the vast majority of individuals, relationships with siblings provide a context for life experiences, yet the influences of these relationships are rarely reflected in studies of child and adolescent development. To encourage researchers to take the role of siblings into account in their studies of child development, this Special Section of Child Development Perspectives presents 3 articles that summarize emerging issues related to how siblings are defined in a world of increasingly diverse family forms and multiple cultures and to the unique role of siblings during the transition to adulthood. The Special Section concludes with a commentary that frames sibling issues within the larger context of research on social relationships and child development across the life course.

The importance of sibling relationships for the promotion of the health and well‐being of individuals throughout the life span is becoming increasingly well documented (Dunn, 2007; Kramer amp; Bank, 2005). Yet, despite providing the backdrop for many life experiences for the vast majority of individuals, the influences of childrenrsquo;s relationships with siblings are only rarely addressed in studies of child development. Because 80%–85% of children worldwide grow up with at least one sibling, and because the sibling relationship is usually the longest lasting one of a personrsquo;s life, the failure to consider sibling status when studying child development is a significant omission. We argue that the inclusion of sibling factors in child development research will significantly advance the understanding of a vast array of developmental processes. After all, it may be an older sibling who, in certain settings, serves as a secure base (i.e., attachment figure) for an infant sibling, who protects a younger sibling from a playground bully at school, who is the confidant when an adolescent siblingrsquo;s romance goes sour, and who coaches a brother or sister in negotiating the multiple challenges of high school, dating, and work. Of course, the contributions of siblings are not always positive or benign. A sibling could be the opposite of a secure base, creating anxiety in a sibling, or taunting a sibling for being a cry‐baby when bullied, or revealing confidences to parents about a siblingrsquo;s problems with a romantic relationship, or encouraging an adolescent sibling to use alcohol and drugs to deal with certain challenges. Even the absence of a sibling can have developmental implications. The diversity of sibling relationships, in their form, nature, and quality creates large variation in the ways in which sibling relationships operate and potentially influence the course of development. Understanding the effects of these variations could substantially advance the understanding of seemingly unrelated developmental processes.

It is quite challenging for researchers to access and stay abreast of the growing sibling literature that is spread across multiple disciplines, including family studies, sociology, psychology, human development, genetics, anthropology, and psychiatry. During the past 25emsp;years, sibling research has expanded into a vibrant field that encompasses a broad range of societally relevant topics, including the role of siblings as agents of socialization and support; the effects of parentsrsquo; differential treatment of siblings and of nonshared environments on child and family well‐being; the cross‐cultural differences and similarities of sibling roles, responsibilities, and relationships; the development of strategies for promoting sibling relationship quality and conflict management; and the interplay between genetic and environmental effects on individual behaviors and social processes (see Dunn, 2007; Kramer amp; Bank, 2005; Kramer amp; Conger, 2009; Sulloway, 1996). Given this complexity, this Special Section of Child Development Perspectives is intended to encourage researchers (who may not at all identify themselves as “sibling researchers”) to incorporate sibling factors into their investigations and to gain an appreciation of why this approach is important.

This Special Section presents some of the latest thinking

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