水热法制备具有多种形态和/或多孔结构的钒酸铋及其可见光驱动光催化降解甲基橙外文翻译资料

Availableonlineatwww.sciencedirect.com

JOURNALOF

ENVIRONMENTAL

SCIENCES

JournalofEnvironmentalSciences 2012, 24(3) 449–457

ISSN 1001-0742

CN 11-2629/X

www.jesc.ac.cn

Hydrothermalfabricationandvisible-light-drivenphotocatalyticpropertiesof

bismuthvanadatewithmultiplemorphologiesand/orporousstructuresfor

MethylOrangedegradation

HaiyanJiang1, HongxingDai1, *, XueMeng1 , LeiZhang1 , JiguangDeng1 , YuxiLiu1 , ChakTongAu2

1.LaboratoryofCatalysisChemistryandNanoscience,DepartmentofChemistryandChemicalEngineering,CollegeofEnvironmentalandEnergyEngineering,BeijingUniversityofTechnology,Beijing100124,China.E-mail:hxdai@bjut.edu.cn

2.DepartmentofChemistry,CentreforSurfaceAnalysisandResearch,HongKongBaptistUniversity,KowloonTong,HongKong,China

Received10 April 2011; revised 11 June 2011; accepted 21 June 2011

Abstract

MonoclinicBiVO4 withmultiplemorphologiesand/orporousstructureswerefabricatedusingthehydrothermalstrategy. Thematerials werecharacterizedbymeansoftheXRD, Raman, TGA/DSC, SEM, XPS, andUV-Vistechniques. Thephotocatalyticactivitiesofthe BiVO4materialswereevaluatedforthedegradationofMethylOrangeundervisible-lightirradiation. ItisobservedthatpHvalueand surfactantexertedagreateffectonthemorphologyandporestructureoftheBiVO4 product. SphericalBiVO4 withporousstructures, ower-cluster-likeBiVO4 , andower-bundle-likeBiVO4 weregeneratedhydrothermallyat 100°Cwithpoly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) andurea (pH= 2) andat 160°CwithNaHCO3 (pH= 7 and 8), respectively. ThePVP-derivedBiVO4 showedmuchhighersurfaceareas (5.0– 8.4 m2/g) andnarrowerbandgapenergies (2.45–2.49 eV). ThebestphotocatalyticperformanceofthesphericalBiVO4 material withasurfaceareaof 8.4 m2/gwasassociatedwithitshighersurfacearea, narrowerbandgapenergy, highersurfaceoxygenvacancy density, anduniqueporousarchitecture.

Keywords: visible-light-drivencatalyst; porousbismuthvanadate; hydrothermalfabrication; MethylOrangedegradation; photocatal-ysis

DOI: 10. 1016/S1001-0742(11)60793-6

Introduction

Semiconductorphotocatalysisisoneofthemostpromising technologiesforsolarenergyutilizationandenvironmental remediation (Aietal., 2009). TiO2 hasbeenprovento bephotocatalyticallyactiveforthedegradationoforganic pollutants(Hoffmannetal., 1995; ChenandDionysiou,2006). However, TiO2 respondsonlytoultravioletlight, whichrepresentsasmallfraction (ca. 4%) ofthesunlight energy.Therefore, itishighlyrequiredtodevelopvisible- light-drivenphotocatalyticmaterials.

AsoneoftheTi-freesemiconductorphotocatalysts, bismuthvanadatehasrecentlyattractedmuchattentiondue toitsphotocatalyticactivity (Xuetal., 2008). Forexample, BiVO4withdifferentparticlesizesandmorphologies showedgoodphotocatalyticperformanceforthedegrada- tionofMethylOrange (Zhouetal., 2006), MethyleneBlue (Zhangetal., 2007; Jiangetal., 2008; Yaoetal., 2008), and RhodamineB (Zhangetal., 2006), andfortheevolution ofO2 fromaqueoussilvernitratesolutions (YuandKudo,2006; Zhangetal., 2008) undervisible-lightillumination. BiVO4hasthreecrystalphasesoftetragonalzircon, mon- oclinicscheelite, andtetragonalscheelite, amongwhich

* Correspondingauthor. E-mail: hxdai@bjut.edu.cn

themonoclinicscheeliteBiVO4 withabandgapenergy of 2.4 eVisthemostactivephotocatalyticallyunder visible-lightirradiation (Tokunagaetal., 2001).Several methods,suchassolid-statereaction (Sleightetal., 1979), coprecipitation (Yuetal., 2009), hydrothermaltreatment (Zhaoetal., 2008), chemicalbathdeposition (Nevesand Trindade, 2002), organometallicdecomposition(Sayama etal., 2003), andsonochemicalroutes (Zhouetal., 2006), havebeenreportedforthefabricationofmonoclinic scheeliteBiVO4 . Amongthesestrategies, thehydrothermal oneisasimpleandeffectivepathwayingeneratingmon- oclinicBiVO4 withperfectcrystalstructuresandregular morphologiesinanenvironmentallybenignmanner(Yu andKudo, 2006). Uptonow, alargenumberofmonoclinic BiVO4withvariousmorphologieshavebeenfabricated usingthehydrothermalmethod. Forexample, aseriesof monoclinicBiVO4 withhyperbranchedstructurescould besynthesizedbyhydrothermallytreatingthemixtureof Bi(NO3 )3 andNa3 VO4 at 200°Cunderacidicconditions (Zhaoetal., 2008). WithBi(NO3 )3 andNH4 VO3 as startingmaterialandureaorammoniaaspHadjusting agent,highlycrystallinemonoclinicBiVO4 powderswith polyhedralandrod-likemorphologiescouldbegener- atedviathehydrothermalroute (YuandKudo, 2006).

MonoclinicallycrystallizedBiVO4 nanosheetscouldbe fabricatedhydrothermallywithsodiumdodecylbenzene sulfonateasmorphology-directingtemplate (Zhanget al., 2006). BycontrollingthepHvaluesofthereaction suspensionsandwithBi2 O3 andNH4 VO3 asinorgan- icsource, cuboid-like, squareplate-like, andower-like BiVO4 couldbesynthesizedviathecetyltrimethylammo- niumbromide (CTAB)-assistedhydrothermalroute (Li etal., 2009a). Withtheassistanceofasurfactant (e.g., hexadecyltrimethylammoniumbromide, polyvinylalco- holorpolyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)), monoclinicBiVO4materialswithower-, sphere-, andatbread-likeshapes couldbesynthesizedhydrothermallyusingbismuthnitrate andammoniummetavanadateasmetalsource (Zhangand Zhang, 2009).

Tothebestofourknowledge, itistheirsttimeto fabricatesphericalBiVO4 materialwithaporousstructure. Previously, ourgroupinvestigatedthefabricationand physicochemicalpropertiesofanumberofporousand/or nano/microstructuredmaterials, suchasmesoporousMgO (Wangetal., 2008) andCaO (Liuetal., 2008), and three-dimensional (3D) orderedmacroporous gamma;-Al2 O3 and Ce1一xZrxO2 withmesoporouswalls (Lietal., 2009b),via thesurfactant(e.g., PluronicP123 (PEO20 PPO70 PEO20 ), F127 (PEO106 PPO70 PEO106 ), CTABorpolyethylene glycol)-assistedhydrothermalroute. Recently, ourgroup extendedourattentiontothecontrolledgenerationand photoc

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