欧盟和乌克兰高等教育机构的教学和培训方法外文翻译资料

Nina ZHURAVSKA

National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine

Methodologies of teaching and training in higher educational institutions of the EU and Ukraine

Introduction

“Educate” for higher school is largely, in our opinion, means to build a system of relationships between people. In modern pedagogy (and even more clearly in psychology) countries of European Union (EU) begins to dominate the approach to education is not as purposeful formation of personality in accordance with the chosen ideal (whether Christian commandments), and how to create conditions for self-development of personality. A successful educational activity of students of higher educational institutions (HEI) depends not only on the degree of knowledge of methods of intellectual activity; it is also due to the personal settings of educational activity – stable system of relations of the student to the world and to itself.

The most important quality, which must purchase a student in a higher educational institution, is, actually, the ability to learn that a radical impact on his professional development, because determines its possibilities in University continuing education. Learning to learn is more important than to learn a specific set of knowledge, which in our time is quickly becoming obsolete. More important is the ability to self-knowledge, based on creative thinking. Especially rapidly in the period of University education is the development of special abilities. The student is first confronted with many activities, which are components of his future profession, so at the senior courses should be paid special attention to dialog forms of communication with students, in particular, in the process of implementation of their course and degree projects, training, etc. The transfer of “personal knowledge” can usually only in the dyad “teacher – student”.

In 1950, in the framework of the Council of Europe adopted the European Convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms. This is the first on the European continent international legal document containing a list of basic civil and political rights, the system of control over their implementation within each member country of the Council of Europe. By ratifying this document, Ukraine discovered mechanisms of protection of human rights, reaffirmed their determination to comply with the obligations undertaken while joining the Council of Europe [Журавська Н. 2009]

In this regard, the university at the highest level should be carried out activities aimed at broadening and deepening the knowledge of the student youth about civil and human rights. The main task of this work is to promote the formation of the legal world of the youth, which would include both a theoretical system of views on the human rights and fundamental freedoms, and the corresponding civil stance, moral and values, ideals, beliefs. To ensure harmonious development of education, socio-conscious person, active citizen without observing him with a historical and cultural heritage of his people, with global culture and contributions of our fellow citizens in its development impossible: with historical and architectural monuments of the city where they can study, museums, art galleries, concert halls and theaters.

The idea of equality, partnership and mutual respect for each other is the basis of so-called pedagogy of cooperation, the principles of which completely undeniable in learning at higher school [Амонашвили Ш. 1989: 144–177]. According to many scientists and educators, the founders of the largest scientific schools, the largest academic and educational effect is achieved in such situations, when a teacher and student together solve the problems, the answer to which does not know either [Журавська Н. 2009; Histoirehellip; 2007: 24–43; Kremer

2000: 12–200]. In this case, the phenomenon of partnership and cooperation expressed in most.

His ability to know and understand students adequately assess their personal qualities and status of teachers justly considered one of the greatest professional qualities and put it in second place after the knowledge of the discipline that they teach. But teachers are usually put very little effort to improve their training in this area, although constantly striving to update and enhance their customers (subject) knowledge. The reason for this paradox lies obviously in the fact that teachers generally overestimate (overstate) their level of knowledge and training in this area, although their self-esteem in terms of knowledge of the subject is close to the estimates given by experts [Журавська Н.2009].

Emphasize that during the evaluation and monitoring is one of the most flagrant pedagogical errors: negative assessment of the results of mastering of the curriculum, the teacher takes on the assessment of the students personality in General, allowing the student to know through facial expressions, gestures, and sometimes in a verbal form, that he is stupid, lazy, irresponsible, etc. Forcing the student to experience negative emotions, teacher affects the physical condition and health of the student.

The teacher should not forget that training in a higher educational institution requires a large investment of time and energy, which causes some delay social development of students in comparison with other groups of young people. This fact often generates false teachers understanding of students as about socially immature individual that need of constant care, condescending regard. Did not realize it, the teacher himself, in this case, as it raises lath, limiting the degree to which a student of his ideas can develop their personal qualities such as responsibility,initiative, independence. Student unconsciously perceives such a program and, most annoyingly, internally takes it. It is human natu

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Nina ZHURAVSKA

National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine

Methodologies of teaching and training in higher educational institutions of the EU and Ukraine

Introduction

“Educate” for higher school is largely, in our opinion, means to build a system of relationships between people. In modern pedagogy (and even more clearly in psychology) countries of European Union (EU) begins to dominate the approach to education is not as purposeful formation of personality in accordance with the chosen ideal (whether Christian commandments), and how to create conditions for self-development of personality. A successful educational activity of students of higher educational institutions (HEI) depends not only on the degree of knowledge of methods of intellectual activity; it is also due to the personal settings of educational activity – stable system of relations of the student to the world and to itself.

The most important quality, which must purchase a student in a higher educational institution, is, actually, the ability to learn that a radical impact on his professional development, because determines its possibilities in University continuing education. Learning to learn is more important than to learn a specific set of knowledge, which in our time is quickly becoming obsolete. More important is the ability to self-knowledge, based on creative thinking. Especially rapidly in the period of University education is the development of special abilities. The student is first confronted with many activities, which are components of his future profession, so at the senior courses should be paid special attention to dialog forms of communication with students, in particular, in the process of implementation of their course and degree projects, training, etc. The transfer of “personal knowledge” can usually only in the dyad “teacher – student”.

In 1950, in the framework of the Council of Europe adopted the European Convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms. This is the first on the European continent international legal document containing a list of basic civil and political rights, the system of control over their implementation within each member country of the Council of Europe. By ratifying this document, Ukraine discovered mechanisms of protection of human rights, reaffirmed their determination to comply with the obligations undertaken while joining the Council of Europe [Журавська Н. 2009]

In this regard, the university at the highest level should be carried out activities aimed at broadening and deepening the knowledge of the student youth about civil and human rights. The main task of this work is to promote the formation of the legal world of the youth, which would include both a theoretical system of views on the human rights and fundamental freedoms, and the corresponding civil stance, moral and values, ideals, beliefs. To ensure harmonious development of education, socio-conscious person, active citizen without observing him with a historical and cultural heritage of his people, with global culture and contributions of our fellow citizens in its development impossible: with historical and architectural monuments of the city where they can study, museums, art galleries, concert halls and theaters.

The idea of equality, partnership and mutual respect for each other is the basis of so-called pedagogy of cooperation, the principles of which completely undeniable in learning at higher school [Амонашвили Ш. 1989: 144–177]. According to many scientists and educators, the founders of the largest scientific schools, the largest academic and educational effect is achieved in such situations, when a teacher and student together solve the problems, the answer to which does not know either [Журавська Н. 2009; Histoirehellip; 2007: 24–43; Kremer

2000: 12–200]. In this case, the phenomenon of partnership and cooperation expressed in most.

His ability to know and understand students adequately assess their personal qualities and status of teachers justly considered one of the greatest professional qualities and put it in second place after the knowledge of the discipline that they teach. But teachers are usually put very little effort to improve their training in this area, although constantly striving to update and enhance their customers (subject) knowledge. The reason for this paradox lies obviously in the fact that teachers generally overestimate (overstate) their level of knowledge and training in this area, although their self-esteem in terms of knowledge of the subject is close to the estimates given by experts [Журавська Н.2009].

Emphasize that during the evaluation and monitoring is one of the most flagrant pedagogical errors: negative assessment of the results of mastering of the curriculum, the teacher takes on the assessment of the students personality in General, allowing the student to know through facial expressions, gestures, and sometimes in a verbal form, that he is stupid, lazy, irresponsible, etc. Forcing the student to experience negative emotions, teacher affects the physical condition and health of the student.

The teacher should not forget that training in a higher educational institution requires a large investment of time and energy, which causes some delay social development of students in comparison with other groups of young people. This fact often generates false teachers understanding of students as about socially immature individual that need of constant care, condescending regard. Did not realize it, the teacher himself, in this case, as it raises lath, limiting the degree to which a student of his ideas can develop their personal qualities such as responsibility,initiative, independence. Student unconsciously perceives such a program and, most annoyingly, internally takes it. It is human natu

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