建立学习效果评价系统动力学模型的研究外文翻译资料

建立学习效果评价系统动力学模型的研究

Tian-Syung Lan,Pin-Chang Chen,Wen-Cheng Lin

Department of Information Management, Yu Da University of Science and Technology

摘要：本研究采用系统动力学的研究方法，应用Vensim软件开发了一种学习效果评估模型。本研究开发了四个影响学习效果的因果链，包括教师的教学热情、家庭参与、学校的科学活动实施和创新教学方法，以及基于四种因果链的系统动力学模型。本研究以发达的系统动力学模型为基础，对家庭参与、学习效果、教学成果、创新教学方法、学生学习兴趣等方面的关系进行了模拟研究。本研究的结果验证了家庭参与与学生学习成效之间存在正相关关系，以及学生的学习效果和教师的教学成就。研究结果还表明，创造性教学方法的运用能够提高学生的学习兴趣和学习成绩。

关键词：效果评估；因果链；系统动力学模型

1. 介绍

进入小学三年级时，学生在“科学技术”学科的学习中面临着新的挑战。由于科学技术的学习动机和学习方法与其他领域的学习动机和学习方法有很大的不同，因此有必要对“科学技术”学科的学习效果进行研究。许多变量可能会影响学生的科学和技术的学习效果。本研究的研究架构包括影响学习效果的四个部分，即教师的教学热情、家庭参与、学校实施的科学活动和创造性的教学方法。上述各子系统之间相互联系以发展因果关系。

以往关于小学科学技术学习问题的研究大多是静态的，不能对其进行评估。本研究利用Vensim软件从系统动力学的角度开发了系统模型的框架，并进行了动态仿真分析和解释。本研究以系统动力学模型为基础，研究了科学技术的学习效果。

这项研究将以前的静态研究提升到一个动态的水平。基于仿真结果提出的建议可以为学术界的教育者和决策者提供参考。希望本研究有助于提高学生的学习动机和学习效果，并将基于模型的概念应用于不同的学习领域，进一步将这些概念推广到其他相关研究中。

1. 研究方法

本研究利用系统动力学的研究方法和系统动力学的特定软件包软件Vensim软件开发模型，并执行系统动力学方程进行分析和讨论。

系统动力学是由Forrester在1968年创立的系统分析理论。系统动力学利用系统中信息的反馈特性来建立模型方程，模拟和预测各种政策的实施，以实现改进的目标。系统动力学在处理高水平、非线性和时变问题时表现出色，在缺乏数据的情况下仍可用于调查。

Vensim软件是Ventana公司开发的用于系统动力学模型开发的软件。它使用各种图形作为接口构成完整的系统动力学模型。可以解释各种因素之间的因果关系。其主要功能是基于模型进行仿真、分析和预测。

1. 因果关系链

本研究开发了四种影响学习效果的因果链，包括教师的教学热情、家庭参与、学校实施的科学活动和创造性的教学方法。

在教学过程中，师生互动越好，学生的行为表现越好。只要教师根据自己的能力给予适当的期望，就可以激发学生的学习积极性，提高学习效果，提高师生关系，激发教师的教学热情。在此基础上，绘制了影响教师教学积极性和学生学习效果的相关因素的因果链图

如果父母愿意花更多的时间陪伴孩子学习，那么孩子们遇到的科学和技术的学习障碍将会减少。一旦学习障碍减少，学生的学习动机将被增强，从而进一步影响他们的学习成绩、学习成绩和学习效果。对此本研究开发了影响家庭参与和学习效果的相关因素的因果链图

学校实施的科学活动主要由科学技术学科教师指导。这些活动的成功和学生的表现都取决于教师的意图和参与。教师举办活动的意愿越高，学生的表现就越好。这样可以激发和提高学生的学习动机，提高学生的学习效果。因此本研究开发了影响学校实施科学活动和学习效果的相关因素的因果链图。

随着时间的推移，教学方法不断地改变和发展。随着教学手段和材料的不断发展，创造性的教学方法不断涌现。新的教学方法将提高学生的学习兴趣，激发学生的学习动机，培养学生的科学态度，提高学生的学习成绩和学习效果。本研究开发了影响创新教学方法和学习效果的因素的因果链图。基于以上四种因果链图，本研究开发了影响科学技术学习效果的相关因素的因果链图。

1. 系统动力学模型

本研究建立了基于因果链图的系统动力学模型，讨论如下。在科学技术的学习领域，教师需要充分的教学热情，鼓励自己改变教学方法和策略，进一步激发学生的学习动机，提高学生的学习意愿。本研究开发了教学热情与学习效果关系的系统动力学模型。家长对学习各种科目的教育态度会影响学生的学习状况。在家庭参与儿童教育的过程中，其他因素也会影响到科学技术的学习。主要是其他科目的分配时间。本研究开发了家庭参与与学习效果关系的系统动力学模型。学校的实施或参与科学活动对学生的学习动机和学习效果有显著影响。因此，教师持有或配合活动的意图影响学生的科学态度和学习效果。本研究开发了学校实施科学活动与学习效果之间关系的系统动态模型。创造性的教学方法可以激发学生的兴趣，激发学生的学习动机。此外，创造性的教学方法也可以改变学生的科学态度。本研究开发了创新教学方法与学习效果之间关系的系统动力学模型。基于上述四种系统动力学模型，本研究集成了四个子模型，开发了科学技术的系统动力学模型。

1. 结果与讨论

本研究以发达的系统动力学模型为基础，对家庭参与、学习效果、教学成果、创新教学方法、学生学习兴趣等方面的关系进行了模拟研究。

(1)家庭参与和学生的学习效果:本系统的仿真主要考察了家庭参与与学习效果之间的关系。根据模拟结果，在短期内，家庭参与中有稳定的增长，有起有落，学习效果也有提高。从长远来看，他们之间有着高度的正相关。换句话说，家庭参与度越高，学生的学习效果越高。

(2)学生学习效果和教师教学成果:本系统仿真主要考察学生学习效果与教师教学成果之间的关系。结果表明，学生的学习效果与教师教学成绩之间存在正相关关系。教学成果越高，学生的学习效果越高。

(3)创新教学法对学生学习兴趣的影响:本系统的仿真主要考察了创新教学法与学生学习兴趣之间的关系。创造性教学方法的运用可以激发学生的学习兴趣。显然，在学习科学和技术的初期，使用不同的创意教学方法可以立即激发学生的兴趣。

1. 结论

本研究证实，家庭参与与学生学习成效之间存在高度的正相关关系。换句话说，家庭在学生的学习中起着重要的作用，家长的作用尤为重要。小学的科学技术学习与阅读、说、听、写、数学的理解和计算、社会科学的记忆和归纳是不同的。相反，它是各个领域学习方法的集成。更高的家庭参与度，在科学技术领域遇到的更低的障碍，以及愿意帮助孩子完成他们在科学和技术方面的任务的父母对学生是有益的，这可以进一步提高他们的学习效果。

本研究还验证了学生的学习效果与教师教学成绩之间存在正相关关系。教师可以从学生的学习效果的逐渐进步中，来处理他们的教学内容和教学方法，以获得成就感。他们的成就感通常高于学生的学习效果。一旦教师获得了良好的成就感，他们的教学热情就会更高。他们将保持教学热情，积极参与教学。在这样的氛围下，学生的学习效果也会更好。

本研究还表明，教学方法的差异对学生的学习兴趣有影响。传统的叙事教学已经过时。然而，仍然有教师使用这种教学方法，这根本无法激发学生的学习兴趣。在当前充满信息和多样化的学习环境中，传统教学应该被淘汰，取而代之的是各种新出现的教学方法。目前最流行的教学方法是电子白板，它已经使用了三年。教师对电子白板的使用对学生有很大的吸引力，可以极大地提高学生的学习兴趣，同时也能提高学生对科技的热情，从而进一步提高学习效果。在当前充满信息和多样化的学习环境中，学生的学习方式发生了变化，教师的教学方法也发生了变化。如果教师在使用电子白板时可以使用适当的辅助手段和其他创造性的教学方法，学生的学习兴趣将会增加，学习成绩也会提高。

外文文献出处：[J].Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2013, Vol.2013Hindawi

外文文献原文附后

建立学习效果评价系统动力学模型的研究外文文献原文

A Study of Developing a System Dynamics Model for the Learning Effectiveness Evaluation

Abstract : This study used the research method of system dynamics and applied the Vensim software to develop a learning effectiveness evaluation model. This study developed four cause-and-effect chains affecting learning effectiveness, including teachersrsquo; teaching enthusiasm, family involvement, schoolrsquo;s implementation of scientific activities, and creative teaching method, as well as the system dynamics model based on the four cause-and-effect chains. Based on the developed system dynamic model, this study performed simulation to investigate the relationship among family involvement, learning effectiveness, teaching achievement, creative teaching method, and studentsrsquo; learning interest. The results of this study verified that there are positive correlations between family involvement and studentsrsquo; learning effectiveness, as well as studentsrsquo; learning effectiveness and teachersrsquo; teaching achievements. The results also indicated that the use of creative teaching method is able to increase studentsrsquo; learning interest and learning achievement.

1. Introduction

When entering the third grade in elementary school, students are facing the new challenge in the learning of “science and technology” subject. Because the learning motivation and learning method of science and technology are significantly different from those of other fields, it is necessary to investigate the learning effectiveness of the “science and technology” subject . Many variables may affect studentsrsquo; learning effectiveness of science and technology. The research architecture of this study included four parts that affect

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A Study of Developing a System Dynamics Model for the Learning Effectiveness Evaluation

Abstract : This study used the research method of system dynamics and applied the Vensim software to develop a learning effectiveness evaluation model. This study developed four cause-and-effect chains affecting learning effectiveness, including teachersrsquo; teaching enthusiasm, family involvement, schoolrsquo;s implementation of scientific activities, and creative teaching method, as well as the system dynamics model based on the four cause-and-effect chains. Based on the developed system dynamic model, this study performed simulation to investigate the relationship among family involvement, learning effectiveness, teaching achievement, creative teaching method, and studentsrsquo; learning interest. The results of this study verified that there are positive correlations between family involvement and studentsrsquo; learning effectiveness, as well as studentsrsquo; learning effectiveness and teachersrsquo; teaching achievements. The results also indicated that the use of creative teaching method is able to increase studentsrsquo; learning interest and learning achievement.

1. Introduction

When entering the third grade in elementary school, students are facing the new challenge in the learning of “science and technology” subject. Because the learning motivation and learning method of science and technology are significantly different from those of other fields, it is necessary to investigate the learning effectiveness of the “science and technology” subject . Many variables may affect studentsrsquo; learning effectiveness of science and technology. The research architecture of this study included four parts that affect learning effectiveness, which are teachersrsquo; teaching enthusiasm, family involvement, schoolrsquo;s implementation of scientific activities, and creative teaching method. Each of the above subsystems is mutually connected with one another to develop cause-and-effect relationships .

Most of the past studies on the issues concerning the learning of science and technology of elementary schools are static studies, which cannot assess the postimplementation policies. This study used Vensim software to develop the framework of a systemic model from the perspective of system dynamics and performed dynamic simulation for analysis and explanation. This study investigated the learning effectiveness of science and technology based on system dynamic model.

This study elevated the previous static studies to a dynamic level. The suggestions proposed based on the simulation results can serve as reference for educators and policymakers in the academic community. It is hoped that this study can help in improving the learning motivation and learning effectiveness of science and technology of students and apply the model-based concepts to different learning fields to further extend such concepts to other relevant studies.

2. Research Method

This study used the research methods of system dynamics and the specific package software Vensim software for system dynamics to develop the model and executed system dynamics equations to perform analyses and discussions.

System dynamics is a system analysis theory created by Forrester in 1968. System dynamics used the feedback characteristic of information in the system to develop model equations, simulate, and predict the implementation of various policies to achieve the objective of improvement. System dynamics excels in the processing of high-level, nonlinear, and time-varying issues, and it can still be used for investigation under the condition of absence of data.

Vensim software is the software developed by Ventana Inc. for model development of system dynamics. It uses various graphics as interface to constitute a complete system dynamics model. The cause-and-effect relationships among various factors can be explained. Its major function is to perform simulation, analysis, and prediction based on the model.

3. Cause-and-Effect Chain

This study developed four cause-and-effect chains affecting learning effectiveness, including teachersrsquo; teaching enthusiasm, family involvement, schoolrsquo;s implementation of scientific activities and creative teaching method.

During the teaching process, the better the teacher-student interaction is, the better the behavioral performance of students is. As long as teachers give proper expectation to students according to their abilities, their high learning motivation can be triggered, their learning effectiveness will become better, and teachers-students relationship will be improved to inspire teachersrsquo; teaching enthusiasm. Based on the above, the cause-and-effect chain diagram of relevant factors affecting teachersrsquo; teaching enthusiasm and studentsrsquo; learning effectiveness is drawn.

If parents are willing to spend more time accompanying children to learn, the learning obstacles of science and technology encountered by children will be reduced. Once learning obstacles are reduced, studentsrsquo; learning motivation will be enhanced to further affect their academic performance, learning achievement, and learning effectiveness. This study develops the cause-and-effect chain diagram of relevant factors affecting family involvement and learning effectiveness.

The scientific activities implemented by schools are mainly instructed by science and technology subject teachers. The success of such activities and the performance of students are subject to the intention and involvement of instructors. The higher the teacherrsquo;s intention to hold activities is, the better the studentsrsquo; performance is. In this way, studentsrsquo; learning motivation can be triggered and enhanced, and their learning effectiveness can also be improved. This study develops the cause-and-effect chain diagram of relevant factors affecting schoolsrsquo; implemen

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