哈佛框架下的企业财务分析:三家房地产公司的比较研究外文翻译资料

 2023-07-19 17:05:35

附录B 外文原文

Financial Analysis of Enterprises under Harvard Framework: A Comparative Study of Three Real Estate Companies

Guantong Yin

  1. Introduction
    1. Definition of Harvard Analysis Framework

Harvard Framework is to evaluate the companys strategic objectives and competitive strategies by analyzing the internal and external environment as well as the advantages and disadvantages of competition. Through careful study of the companys financial statements, it predicts the future development trend of the company, and puts forward corresponding improvement measures and relevant suggestions. Harvard analysis framework consists of four parts: strategic analysis, financial analysis, accounting analysis, and prospect analysis. Strategic analysis is the starting point of financial statement analysis in Harvard Analysis Framework. Its purpose is to determine the main profit motives and operational risks, and to evaluate the profitability of enterprises. Accounting analysis is based on strategic analysis, aiming at evaluating the extent to which corporate accounting reflects the basic operating reality. The goal of financial analysis is to use financial data to evaluate the companys current and past performance. Prospect analysis focuses on forecasting the companys future. Based on strategic analysis, accounting analysis and financial analysis, it makes a scientific forecast of the companys future, points out the direction for the development of enterprises, and provides decision support for strategic decision makers (Huiqin, 2018).

    1. Advantages and Application of Harvard Analysis Framework

Compared with traditional analytical methods, Harvard analytical framework has great advantages. Traditional methods only analyze the data of enterprises, so the investment decisions made by traditional methods are often misleading. The Harvard Financial Analysis Framework, with a brand new and strategic perspective, analyzes the performance reports of enterprises from four aspects. The analysis framework combines quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis, which can effectively grasp the direction of financial analysis. Through the research of Harvard analysis framework, the traditional management concept of enterprises can be changed and the competitive advantage of enterprises can be enhanced in the market. Therefore, it is of great significance to learn Harvard Framework to analyze the companys financial situation (Jundong, 2017).

Next, the Harvard analysis framework is used to analyze the financial situation of several real estate companies in order to provide useful reference for the relevant personnel.

  1. Financial Analysis
    1. Solvency

The solvency of the real estate industry mainly refers to whether the company has the ability to repay after the debt matures, and also refers to the safety of the companys financial situation. The solvency of a company can be divided into short-term solvency and long-term solvency. The liquidity ratio and the quick ratio reflect the short-term solvency. From a static point of view, these indicators reflect the ability of current assets to repay current liabilities, while the asset-liability ratio reflects the companys long-term solvency, mainly the ability to repay the principal and interest of long-term debt (Financial Center of Beijing Normal University. 2008). Because of the particularity of the real estate industry, it is not reasonable to just simply consider the ratio of assets to liabilities. The prepaid account in liabilities cannot be simply regarded as a liability. The advance receipt is actually unrealized income, which is recognized as income only when the owner actually receives the house. It is necessary to compare the asset-liability ratio with the actual asset-liability ratio excluding the advance receipt. Following are three real estate companies debt serviceability analysis indicators from 2015 to 2018:

Table 1. A companys Solvency Index (unit: yuan)

Index

2015

2016

2017

2018

Liquidity ratio

2.92

2.08

2.18

2.24

Quick ratio

0.29

0.31

0.31

0.4

Asset-liability ratio

94.12%

93.83%

93.56%

93.47%

Actual debt ratio

50.47%

50.57%

52.61%

56.30%

Table 2. B companys Solvency Index (unit: yuan)

Index

2015

2016

2017

2018

Liquidity ratio

2.16

2.36

2.20

2.33

Quick ratio

0.59

0.67

0.66

0.66

Asset-liability ratio

85.2%

84%

82.8%

80.4%

Actual debt ratio

54%

55.2%

54%

63.6%

Table 3. C companys Solvency Index (unit: yuan)

Index

2015

2016

2017

2018

Liquidity ratio

1.69

1.68

1.61

1.61

Quick ratio

0.44

0.49

0.41

0.52

Asset-liability ratio

92.4%

93.6%

93.6%lt;

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附录A 译文

哈佛框架下的企业财务分析:三家房地产公司的比较研究

作者:Guantong Yin

1. 介绍

1.1 哈佛分析框架的定义

哈佛框架是通过分析公司的内外部环境以及竞争的优劣势来评价公司的战略目标和竞争战略。通过对公司财务报表的认真研究,预测公司未来的发展趋势,并提出相应的改进措施和相关建议。哈佛分析框架包括四个部分:战略分析、财务分析、会计分析和前景分析。战略分析是哈佛分析框架下财务报表分析的出发点。其目的是确定企业的主要盈利动机和经营风险,评价企业的盈利能力。会计分析以战略分析为基础,旨在评价企业会计反映基本经营现实的程度。财务分析的目的是利用财务数据来评估公司当前和过去的业绩。前景分析侧重于预测公司的未来。以战略分析、会计分析、财务分析为基础,对公司未来进行科学预测,为企业发展指明方向,为战略决策者提供决策支持(Huiqin, 2018)。

1.2 哈佛分析框架的优势及应用

与传统的分析方法相比,哈佛分析框架具有很大的优势。传统方法只对企业的数据进行分析,用传统方法进行投资决策往往具有误导性。哈佛财务分析框架以全新的战略视角,从四个方面对企业绩效报告进行分析。该分析框架将定量分析与定性分析相结合,能够有效把握财务分析的方向。通过哈佛分析框架的研究,可以改变企业传统的管理观念,增强企业在市场中的竞争优势。因此,学习哈佛框架来分析公司财务状况具有重要意义(Jundong,2017)。

接下来,运用哈佛分析框架对几家房地产公司的财务状况进行分析,以期为相关人员提供有益的参考。

2. 财务分析

2.1 偿债能力

房地产业的偿债能力主要是指公司在债务到期后是否具备偿还能力,同时也关系到公司财务状况的安全。公司的偿付能力分为短期偿付能力和长期偿付能力。流动比率和速动比率反映了短期偿债能力。从静态来看,这些指标反映的是流动资产偿还流动负债的能力,而资产负债率则反映的是公司的长期偿债能力,主要是偿还长期债务本息的能力(Financial Center of Beijing Normal University. 2008). 由于房地产业的特殊性,单纯考虑资产负债率是不合理的。负债中的预付账款不能简单地视为负债。预收款项实际上是未实现收入,只有当业主实际收到房屋时才确认为收入。有必要将资产负债率与实际资产负债率(不包括预收款项)进行比较。以下是2015年至2018年三家房地产公司的偿债能力分析指标:

表1 A公司偿付能力指数(单位:元)

索引

2015

2016

2017

2018

流动比率

2.92

2.08

2.18

2.24

速动比率

0.29

0.31

0.31

0.4

资产负债率

94.12%

93.83%

93.56%

93.47%

实际负债率

50.47%

50.57%

52.61%

56.30%

表2 B公司偿付能力指数(单位:元)

索引

2015

2016

2017

2018

流动比率

2.16

2.36

2.20

2.33

速动比率

0.59

0.67

0.66

0.66

资产负债率

85.2%

84%

82.8%

80.4%

实际负债率

54%

55.2%

54%

63.6%

表3 C公司偿付能力指数(单位:元)

索引

2015

2016

2017

2018

流动比率

1.69

1.68

1.61

1.61

速动比率

0.44

0.49

0.41

0.52

资产负债率

92.4%

93.6%

93.6%

92.4%

实际负债率

48%

52.8%

60%

57.6%

从上图A可以看出,受2015年限购政策的影响,2015年至2016年新增短期借款降低了短期偿债能力。2016年后,公司坚持科学的战略方针,开发了大量新项目,囤积了大量存货,短期偿债能力较C逐步提高。

短期偿债能力方面,2015-2018年,B、A的流动性比率和速动比率明显高于C。与B、C相比,除2016年外,B明显好于A,其他年份相似。其次,B在资产负债率方面优于C和A,而A和C在2015年和2018年的资产负债率方面差异不大。B组的融资主要是长期借款,其流动负债相对较小。因此,在短期偿债能力分析中,三家房地产公司的排名分别为B、A和C。

就长期偿债能力而言,由于房地产企业负债中的预收款项是公司未来的收入,因此并不构成真正的偿债压力。扣除负债预收款项后,这四年B的资产负债率分别为54%、55.2%、54%和63.6%,A的资产负债率分别为50.47%、50.57%、52.61%、56.30%。由于A公司整体实力较强,融资策略可以得到很好的推广。企业凭借自身的综合实力可以获得大量的资金。利用融资来发挥财务杠杆的作用。可以看出,A的长期偿债能力强于B。

附录B 外文原文

Financial Analysis of Enterprises under Harvard Framework: A Comparative Study of Three Real Estate Companies

Guantong Yin

Introduction

Definition of Harvard Analysis Framework

Harvard Framework is to evaluate the companys strategic objectives and competitive strategies by analyzing the internal and external environment as well as the advantages and disadvantages of competition. Through careful study of the companys financial statements, it predicts the future development trend of the company, and puts forward corresponding improvement measures and relevant suggestions. Harvard analysis framework consists of four parts: strategic analysis, financial analysis, accounting analysis, and prospect analysis. Strategic analysis is the starting point of financial statement analysis in Harvard Analysis Framework. Its purpose is to determine the main profit motives and operational risks, and to evaluate the profitability of enterprises. Accounting analysis is based on strategic analysis, aiming at evaluating the extent to which corporate accounting reflects the basic operating reality. The goal of financial analysis is to use financial data to evaluate the companys current and past performance. Prospect analysis focuses on forecasting the companys future. Based on strategic analysis, accounting analysis and financial analysis, it makes a scientific forecast of the companys future, points out the direction for the development of enterprises, and provides decision support for strategic decision makers (Huiqin, 2018).

Advantages and Application of Harvard Analysis Framework

Compared with traditional analytical methods, Harvard analytical framework has great advantages. Traditional methods only analyze the data of enterprises, so the investment decisions made by traditional methods are often misleading. The Harvard Financial Analysis Framework, with a brand new and strategic perspective, analyzes the performance reports of enterprises from four aspects. The analysis framework combines quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis, which can effectively grasp the direction of financial analysis. Through the research of Harvard analysis framework, the traditional management concept of enterprises can be changed and the competitive advantage of enterprises can be enhanced in the market. Therefore, it is of great significance to learn Harvard Framework to

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