An Analysis of Educational Themes in To Kill A Mockingbird开题报告

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

literature reviewpurpose and significance of the studyto kill a mockingbird is an autobiographical novel written and published in 1957 by harper lee, a famous american writer in the 1950s. to kill a mockingbird won the pulitzer prize in 1961 (lee, 1982). the novel has aroused wide concern in the academic circle since its publication. today, it has been translated into more than 40 languages and has sold 15 million copies, making it a recognized modern classic of american literature.atticus's educational philosophy and methods in the novel have influenced american families to some extent. as an excellent father, his practice of education is worth deeply exploring and thinking. the purpose of this paper is to analyze its educational themes through a comprehensive interpretation of three levels. then, making a systematic induction of its educational themes. ultimately, hoping that these educational concepts can make a difference to the current education of children in china.the language of the novel is humorous. the plot of the story is based on the narrator's observation on the life of his family and neighbors when he was six years old, mainly reflecting the injustice of race and the destruction of innocents. the novel has two parts. the first part is a story about scout and his brother, jem in maycomb, alabama, during the great depression, and a boy named dill who is fascinated and frightened by his eccentric, closeted neighbor, boo radley. the adults in maycomb were also reluctant to talk about radley, whom they had seen little for years. the children are full of speculation and imagination about the rumors about him and the deep reasons for his seclusion. the second part focuses on a case. tom robinson is a black man who is accused of beating and raping a young white woman. the court appoints atticus finch, the narrator's father to plead this case. atticus finch uses his professional skills to find evidence that can prove black tom's innocence, and put the truth in front of all the jurors and the residents of the town, but the jury still returned a unanimous guilty verdict on robinson, who was wronged in the night of the verdict tried to escape and was shot (lee, 1982).many domestic and foreign experts and scholars have interpreted the novel from a variety of artistic approaches, such as unique narrative angle, metaphor and satire (abbott, 2007). this paper attempts to interpret the educational themes from a new perspective, that is, to analyze the use of rhetorical devices, and to explore the love and justice embodied in it from the perspective of lawyer's professional ethics under the background of the times.to kill a mockingbird uses a lot of rhetorical devices, which have been studied a lot. it can be summarized as the application of macro and micro rhetoric devices. from the perspective of macro rhetoric features, the novel is a double-line circular structure (buckley, 1974). to kill a mockingbird is a first-person narrative for children (shen, 2001). the narrator is a child, so it is necessary to highlight the involvement of the adult author (mei, 2014). the perspective of micro rhetorical devices is the use of figures of speech in to kill a mockingbird. in the work, mockingbird, fire, pistol, flower, door, snow, etc. have their symbolic meanings, as well as the use of irony.seen from the content of the works, robin seems to have no direct relevance with the themes reflected in the novel, but in terms of its symbolic significance, robin went through the whole novel (su, 2018). while reading the book, it is easy to recognize that robin is a symbol of innocent and kind person. when you killed cock robin, it seems that you are killing innocent and kind person (fielder, 1994). the robin did nothing, it was just the first to announce the dawn, and the last to serenade. its song is melodious, its melody is changeable, it does not ruin other people's garden, it does not make a nest in the corn field, it does nothing but concentrate on singing (li, 2015). and people have no reason to harm it. many of the characters in the novel share the same fate of the robin, who has done nothing wrong but has been hurt (ling, 2018). it is not difficult to understand that the author is telling us that the story that takes place in maycomb, south of the united states is the story of innocent people who are guiltless and innocent like robin.this paper argues that to kill a mockingbird shows the educational themes with rich rhetorical devices, and vividly demonstrates the distortion of american values under racial discrimination and the maintenance of values of upbringing, love goodness and justice (wang, 2011). robert mulligan's 1962 film of the same name condenses the storyline into a legal injustice about racial conflict, portraying the lawyer atticus finch as a hero against legal injustice. aside from the justice in the court. atticus also applied this theory to his education. when he communicates with his children, he treats them equally and respects their views (ling, 2018). precisely because he educates his children with love, patience, justice and goodness will his educational concepts be inherited by americans (geng, 2019). this paper aims to remind people to praise highly the educational ideas of love, goodness, justice and upbringing in todays society.key research contents1.analyze the symbolic significance of the robin in the novelone of the robins in the book is tom robinson. he was an honest black man on a plantation, falsely accused of rape. in response to the fact that mayala was wounded in the right eye, atticus proved that it was a left-handed blow, and that her father was one. robinson's left hand, by contrast, had been disabled, so they were lying. but when atticus finch confronted all the jurors and the townspeople with the truth, the jury returned a guilty verdict. robinson didn't do anything wrong, just worked hard and helped others, and was treated unfairly just because of the color of her skin. after a merciless misjudgment, although atticus was ready to continue to fight for justice for tom, white public opinion had always advocated the barbaric nature of black people, who were prone to murder and rape. the racial discrimination against black people and psychological racial oppression in the american society made tom no longer believe in the dark laws (cather, 1988). he tried to escape from the prison while he was exercising, only to be shot dead by the guards, who shot him 17 times. they didn't have to shoot him that many times. although tom was running away, their shooting of him was a brutal persecution, like killing an innocent robin. atticus believes in the justice in his heart.he believes that right and wrong are as clear as black and white. the court, the defendant is on trial, in addition to black, defendant on three sides were white, control of the whole process of law and the decision is in the hands of the white, the defendants' criminal behavior in the eyes of the public is not only a crime, for the implementation of individual black beneath race for white noble race violation of authority and challenges, although atticus do his best efforts proved that robinson was innocent, but he can't change the unfair trial results. tom lives in such a racist social background, no doubt to experience the fate of robin (cather, 2017).2. the embodiment of the values justice and kindnessin the movie, "to kill a mockingbird" the essence of the film part lies in the court debate, the lawyer's father in the film with the performance of the model of law, in the court of the lengthy debate a center, is repeatedly stressed the life of the living beings given by the court, justice, and equality, justice of american liberalism based on democracy has made the most appropriate, but also because of society in the united states there is this type of justice based on democratic liberalism has a black president, later, however, in those days, to defend the black is a big step in the strike (maslow, 1954). from a secular point of view, it is not right to defend black people, but the author's lawyer father still did it, which makes the audience not only admire the lawyer father, but also realize that he is the symbol of justice and goodness in america (su, 2018).3. analyze the legitimacy of defending black people based on the theory of lawyer's professional ethicsthe american judicial system is adversarial, in which both sides of a case can present and explain the case -- the facts and the law -- to an impartial decider, the judge or the court, either personally or with the help of an experienced lawyer. the system considers the defense process to be the most effective way to explain the facts and to resolve the dispute in the fairest way. in any case, if the defendant is unable to pay for counsel, the court must appoint him a lawyer. the american bar association has been guiding the development of a code of ethics for lawyers. each judicial body may use this as a model guideline and adjust it to its own needs. these guidelines, on the one hand, limit the scope of representation and on the other hand, protect lawyers. by making it clear that when a lawyer represents an unpopular or even egregious client, he is merely doing his job, which is required in the public interest (xiao, 2006). of course, any judge would be very pleased to see that even the worst criminal defendants are represented by qualified lawyers.referencesabbott, h. p. (2007). the cambridge introduction to narrative. beijing: peking university press.buckley, j. h. (1974). season of youth: the bildungsroman from dickens to golding. cambridge: harvard up.cather, w. (1988). cather willa on writing: critical studies on writing as an art. lincoln: university of nebraska press.cather, w. (2007). the song of the lark. new york: new american library.fielder, l. a. (1994). love and death in american novel. harmondsworth: penguin books.lee, h. (1982). to kill a mockingbird. new york: warner books.maslow, a. (1954). motivation and personality. new york: haper读《杀死一只知更鸟》有感，《江西教育》，20:72-73。

哈珀李（1982），《杀死一只知更鸟》(to kill a mockingbird) ，李育超译。

南京：译林出版社。

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

In order to have a comprehensive analysis of To Kill A Mockingbird, I read the original novel and watch the movie of the same name. Before I start this paper, I download some works, articles which can be found in the library or on the Internet and read them carefully.Then I search for the information about the writer as well as the writing background so as to know more about the creation background. I also consult knowledge of symbolism and legal theories related to professional ethics of American lawyers to explore the themes of love and justice embodied in the novel.