地中海地区的尼克建筑外文翻译资料

Et(h)nic Architecture in Mediterranean Area

Summary

The study of traditional built environment and the correct use of natural resources, nowadays, represent some of the multiple opportunities to product compatible structures with the environment, aimed to cope with high-energy demanding buildings and comfortless.

The ethnic Mediterranean culture, purpose of the study, output of the traditional architectural knowledge, recognizes in the vernacular dwelling a symbiotic relationship between built and natural environment, respectful towards the territory thanks to the use of available raw materials that reduce human footprint.

The correct use of the local raw materials and the definition of rules, archetypes and shapes are the perfect evidence of this symbiotic relationship, that ages improved achieving the perfect balance with the territory.

The architectural elements, created to meet solely functional needs, changed over time, causing a rich heritage of shapes. To enhance the properties of the modern building envelopes it is necessary, preliminarily, to analyse the logic and architectural invariant of the traditional artefacts that are brought to mind, to a greater or to a lesser degree, for inspiration and to take us back on the way of harmonic planning with the place, actualizing the proposal.

1. Introduction

This work is part of the PRIN (Research Projects of National Interest), financed by the Italian Ministry for University and Research (MIUR), and just completed, entitled lsquo;La difesa del paesaggio tra conservazione etrasformazione. Economia e bellezza per uno sviluppo sostenibilersquo; (lsquo;Defending the landscape between preserving and transforming. Economy and beauty for a sustainable developmentrsquo;), coordinated by Prof. Truppi of the Struttura Didattica Speciale of Architecture in Syracuse (Italy).

The territory may be considered as a widespread cultural good, whose components thus become the invariants characterizing places and communities, a layout of signs of historic memory, which the place is soaked in, determining the evolutionary process .

Through the study of some construction archetypes of the Mediterranean tradition, we intend to highlight a critical connection that, going beyond the mere contemplative and scholar approach, allows us to seize their ever-latent conceptual significance and their contemporary value. Within such research, it becomes meaningful to identify the founding hints, to outline todayrsquo;s operational conditions by analysing the depth of what made them possible. It is the search for the very origins, the intensely creative initial moments, where the archetype reveals the essence of construction, of form and it gives back the dignity of true architecture.

The registration of the construction invariants and of identity features , linked to laquo;the notion of permanence and, therefore, aimed at maintaining reference points that are fixed, constant and not subject to changes due to time passing by, has enabled us to identify some typical building of Mount Etnarsquo;s area and of Aeolian Isles around the Sicily that, in terms of features and function, represent a unique case-study, although they are widespread over the territory. Among different models, great attention has to be dedicated to archetypical buildings like lsquo;palmentorsquo;, lsquo;masseriarsquo;, lsquo;dammusorsquo;, which inspired lsquo;spontaneousrsquo; planning – because it has been handed down from generation to another - through their constructive features and the basic assumptions. They represent the pillars for a respectful environmental design of contemporary buildings aimed at the integration with the context and its inhabitantsrsquo;, who will use those spaces. In these structures form does not follow function, it is an expression of it , a form drawing from history, summing up the memory of a whole people and, at the same time, becoming strongly atemporal, as it is not bound to changes in trends, but only to a laquo;tradition has the force of a law honoured by everyone through collective assent. It is thus accepted and obeyed, since respect for tradition gives collective control, which acts as a discipline. This results in a constructive tradition strongly oriented towards a diversification of the parts of the building based on their function and to the optimisation of the features and performances of the techniques and materials employed for each of its components.

From this perspective, it is crucial to study their envelopes, characterized by thick bearing masses able to confer to it substantial inertial quality. Even sunlight has had a significant influence in the design, as to be considered a building material; the uptake of direct sunlight is a free contribution from which one can not ignore the purpose of energy saving, thus avoiding to use always the machines for air conditioning.

Besides the choice of the architectural forms, which often come from raw material, becomes precondition to a surface-area-to-volume ratio reduction (or Shape Factor) with the resulting of a better indoor climate conditions. In order to prove that the resume of these traditional constructive logic can contribute to the improvement of the environmental design, perpetuating the principles through the use of innovative materials and techniques, various issues, from an energy standpoint, have been considered as case studies. Which have given significant results in terms of fossil fuels savings and interior comfort improvement, allowing to reach a fitting balance between matter and form, signs and practices.

2. Contexts, characteristics and specificities

2.1. Palmento (premise for wine pressing)

The grapevine is undoubtedly the most widespread crop on the Eastern Sicilian territory at the foot of Mount Etna. Although it is cultivated on all the volcano sides, it is prevailing on the Southeast slope, between 300 m and 1.259 m above sea lev

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